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Chemtrails, part two
Another argument against the chemtrail hypothesis is the fact that since the 1970 until today (2009) the number of foggy days in Europe has been receding. That is based on an examination of data from 342 weather stations across Europe. This was published in "Nature Geoscience" by scientists around Robert Vautard. The decrease in fog is based on advanced filtering technology in power plants, that cut back sulfur dioxide emissions. Cleaner air is clearer air. And because of that more sunlight reaches the ground<ref>http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/ngeo414.html</ref><ref>http://www.welt.de/welt_print/article3050704/Der-Nebel-ueber-Europa-zieht-langsam-ab.html</ref>.
Another argument against the chemtrail hypothesis is the fact that since the 1970 until today (2009) the number of foggy days in Europe has been receding. That is based on an examination of data from 342 weather stations across Europe. This was published in "Nature Geoscience" by scientists around Robert Vautard. The decrease in fog is based on advanced filtering technology in power plants, that cut back sulfur dioxide emissions. Cleaner air is clearer air. And because of that more sunlight reaches the ground<ref>http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/ngeo414.html</ref><ref>http://www.welt.de/welt_print/article3050704/Der-Nebel-ueber-Europa-zieht-langsam-ab.html</ref>.
==Chemtrails in Goethe's times==
If one follows the arguments of chemtrail proponents then already in Goethe's times there were chemtrails. Thursday, May, 20<sup>th</sup> 1820 Goethe notes: ''Early very clear sky, by and by light cirrus, at around noon rare, utmost outstanding phenomena, calling me out from the narrows to a free stead. Coming from west, accompanied by resolute southerly wind, long, tender'' '''cirrus strips''' pulled up, ''solitarily as well as combined; while heading forward the front end bended to become small cloudlet, a little bit down blurred white cloudlets were moving, that were absorbed by those '' '''stripes''' '', all kinds of other cirrus were in the blue sky, cirrocumulus, '' '''gridded stripes''' '', everything moving and changing. By and by the sky became clouded[...] ''.<ref>J. W. v. Goethe, Zur Naturwissenschaft überhaupt, Band 1 Heft 3,1820</ref>
==Chemtrail-Fakes==
[[image:ctfake11.jpg|CT-Bomber Fake|400px|thumb]]
[[image:Peterplatte.jpg|Platte|left|thumb]]
[[image:Altnickelhazmat.jpg|Enlarged detail of the fake|left|thumb]]
[[image:777orig.jpg|Detail of the original picture|left|thumb]]
[[image:777b.jpg|Dead-weight tanks being filled with water|thumb]]
[[image:pinalairpark.jpg|Aircraft cemetery Pinal Airpark|left|250px|thumb]]
There are a lot of fakes and easy to see through [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Hoax hoaxes] circulating in connection with chemtrails.
In February 2008 the chemtrail-proponent and internet message board moderator [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Peter_Platte Peter Platte] showed a photo of unclear origin (supposedly from a Vietnam-war veteran) that pictured the interior of a ''chemtrail bomber'' (The 'Vietnam veteran' refers to a ''Tim White'', a widely used reference in chemtrail circles. This ''Tim White'' is Timothy Patrick White, born on March, <sup>5</sup> 1947 and a resident of Denver (Colorado). He is a fundamental Christian ''US patriot'' and well-known proponent of confused conspiracy theories who uses several pseudonyms and was sentenced for possession of narcotics and stalking).
Quote Platte in this message board: ''[...] this is simply a sensation. This photo is the dream of every ct-activist. We have been waiting for this for years and it looks like that there are more disclosures to come. Judging from the plane's interior measures it seems to be a Boeing KC 767 of the US-Air Force, one of 200. Up to now we only knew that at manufacturers' sites chemicals used for spraying were filled in containers by UN-inspectors, which were then sealed and shipped to the different operating sites. Now we also know how these containers look like and how they are connected in series and linked to the elect. system for controlling. I still can hardly believe that we now have a photo that is the clear evidence for how spraying is done and how the system works like. A really big 'Thank you' to the former Air Force Pilot who provided the photo. Peter [...]'' Other board members added: ''[...]That's the critter from inside. One can spot words like "SPRAYER 1" and "HAZARD INSIDE". Creepy.[...] No doubt, great picture!!''
The picture, though, was a simple fake of a copyrighted photo and can be openly found on the internet.<ref>http://www.airliners.net/photo/Boeing/Boeing-777-240-LR/0855967/L/</ref> According to her own accounts, a user of the Freigeistforum (free thinker board) called ''fighthamster'' simply added to wrong inscriptions to two pictures showing a Boeing 777-passenger jet that was, in the course of approval procedures, equipped with measurement devices and water containers serving as dead weight. Platte, being totally uncritical and gullible, was embarrassed because he hadn't even noticed the regular portholes that were shown on the photo. The [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=ENR ENR]-website expanded this wild phantasy around the faked photo even further: The dead-weight containers (in reality being adapted beer casks) on the photos are, according to the user united-mutations, ''tanks'' that had been sealed by the manufacturers, under supervision of UN-inspectors. The planes would be altered to chemtrail sprayers in a secret place called Pinal Airpark(Arizona), under the supervision of the CIA, and had been in use world-wide since November 1998(with the notable exception of China). Time White would be the source of this entertaining slip-slop. A so-called Ted Twietmeyer (tedtw@frontiernet.net) claimed something similar at rense.com but had at least recognized the the picture to be a fake. The Pinal Airpark (ICAO-identifier: KMZJ; IATA: MZJ), was used by the CIA during the Vietnam war and is now an aircraft cemetery (storage space for discarded planes). Most of the planes there are from Northwest Airlines.<ref>http://www.pbase.com/bruceleibowitz/mzj</ref>
[[image:muennich.jpg|D. Münnichs invention: Cloud pictures from 1944 claimed to show Iraq war in 2003|500px|thumb]]
The [[Ryke_Geerd_Hamer Hamer]]-follower [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=David_Münnich David Münnich] is another source of faked pictures. He was born in 1982, lives in Saarbrücken and works as a web designer. Thanks to him pictures from the Ardennes Offensive in 1944 are presented as showing Iraq-war in 2003.<br>This shows the weakness of arguing without giving any verifiable sources.<br><br>
[[image:Chemtrails_Jo_Conrad.jpg|Spreading the "Chemtrails"-conspiracy theory using statements that even a chemistry layperson can recognize as being a hoax or a fake|350px|thumb]]
Another Chemtrails-proponent is [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Braune_Esoterik right-wing esoteric] conspiracy theorist [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Jo_Conrad Jo Conrad]. In August 2010 Conrad tried to convincingly spread the theory in his "Freigeis-Forum" (free thinker board) by showing a picture of such a chemtrail aircraft (see screenshot to the right dating from August, 26<sup>th</sup> 2010 11:20am). The picture, however, shows nothing more than "aerodynamic rainbow contrails" that can be attributed to a hoax<ref>http://contrailscience.com/aerodynamic-and-rainbow-contrails</ref>. The picture caption names e.g. "Barium-Hypertitanit", "Terraformit" and even "Spinnoinium-Oxydul". Such phantasy substances like Spinnoinium (roughly: Crazeonium) or Terraformit do not exist and are only used to make the hoax more palpable. Also, explanations regarding measurement methods reveal another hoax: Searching for "Telegas Chromatograph" or "Telerelevator" of a company called "GCMS" only lead to other references of the hoax.<br>The original picture is from the year 2006 and, in contrast to the wrong caption in the hoax, shows a Virgin Atlantic Airways-Airbus A340-642 (identification: G-VBLU) over China with a "rainbow-contrail" in an altitude between 8000 and 9000 meter.<ref>http://www.airliners.net/photo/Virgin-Atlantic-Airways/Airbus-A340-642/1088680/&sid=db4bb4807cfd3a3ce2356089fe628624</ref>
<br><br>
==Usage of Pictures without any references in the Chemtrail Scene==
[[image:Altnickelnasa747.jpg|Original picture of the NASA|left|thumb]]
[[image:altnickel747.png|Alleged Chemtrail airplane B747|thumb]]
[[image:Altnickele6takamo.jpg|TACAMO: Boeing E6|left|thumb]]
[[image:AltnickelKC135.jpg|Alleged Chemtrail tanker KC135|thumb]]
Besides airy hypotheses (which are not backed by any facts) and faked or manipulated pictures, often the national- as well as international chemtrail-scene typically presents pictures showing aircrafts while ''spraying chemtrails'', even though such pictures neither allow to correctly identify the type of aircraft nor to interpret them. The aim is to impress gullible viewers and laypersons through misinterpretations and disinformation. At the same time this is used boost sales of products like books, DVDs, seminars and lectures.
Especially reliable, verifiable references including dates are almost always missing in the scene. Two typical examples for such pictures missing references are displayed on the right side: A simple internet search reveals the source of the pictures though (left side). Usually they show aircrafts generating smoke trails for the study of air eddies or fire-fighting or other planes spraying water for studying iceing of aircrafts following . There are a lot of pictures and extensive descriptions of such experiment in the internet.
<br>
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==Reactions to the Chemtrail hypotheses and Scientific View==
Neither is there any evidence for chem trails nor are their proponents able to produce such. Also, quite a number of logical reasons contradict their possible existence. Condensation trails are a phenomena well reviewed and technical articles on this go back to the 1940s. Already the NASA-precesessor, NACA, examined this phenomena because of their military relevance for locating aircrafts in WW II. In a document from 1942 (decades before the chemtrail hypotheses) NACA-researchers named the meteorological circumstances responsible for the formation of ''persistent contrails''. So far no evidence proving the existence of aluminum or barium in condensation trails or aircraft fuel could be given. The Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH (German Air Traffic control) confirmed that no conspicuous or remarkable air activity has been observed that could be linked with the things described in „Raum & Zeit". The Deutsche Wetterdienst (German Meteorological Service) informed that their data don't show any specifics that would indicate some irregular forms of condensation trails.
Also, the Bundesministerium der Verteidigung (German Federal Ministry of Defence) has no further information. The headquarters of the US-Air Force Europe informed that the projects of the US Air Force described don’t exist, neither now nor in the past. Greenpeace as well as the Umweltbundesamt (UBA, German Federal Environment Agency) regard the chemtrail-theory as dubious. The UBA even inquired the World Health Organization (WHO) about alleged risk analysis on potential consequences of chemtrails that had supposedly been conducted by the WHO. The WHO affirmed that it neither had any knowledge about chemtrails nor that it had done any studies on the subject. The phenomena described are also unknown to the Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR, German Aerospace Center). Since many years, the DLR's Institute of Atmosphere Physics examines the effects of air traffic emissions on the atmosphere - including numerous measurements of gas- and particle emissions of commercial aircrafts. Neither is the German Meteorological Service able to detect anomalies in their data indicating special ''chemtrail''-forms of condensation trails. The German federal government commented in 2004 also on chemtrails: Excerpt from an answer (reference: Deutscher Bundestag Drucksache 15/3694<ref>http://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/15/036/1503694.pdf</ref>) of the Federal Government given to Herbert Frankenhauser (member of parliament, party: CSU): [...]Question: ''Are so-called chemtrails (chemical traces sprayed by aircrafts) released for researching of the reduction of global warming over the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany? '' Reply of the Parliamentary State Secretary Simone Probst from September, 8<sup>th</sup> 2004: ''The Federal Government has no knowledge regarding aircrafts releasing so-called chemtrails in the atmosphere in Europe.''
==Chemtrails and Cloudbuster==
Some chemtrail-proponents believe that copper tubes -arranged in so-called http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Cloudbuster Cloudbusters]- are able to ''diffuse'' such condensation trails. The cloudbuster-concept traces back to [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Reich Wilhelm Reich]. The so-called 'Chembusters'' are further developments going back to the American business man, [[esoteric]] and private pilot [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Don_Croft Don Croft] (see also: [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Georg_Ritschl Georg Ritschl]).
==Chemtrails and the ''Yellow Revolution'' of the [[European New Resistance|ENR]]==
[[image:enr.jpg|Speech of Commandante Don|thumb|left]]
[[image:chemtrailplakatkoeln.jpg|Poster in Cologne|thumb]]
[[European New Resistance]] is a new group that is currently forming in different cities and tries to recruit new members. It uses "Chemtrails" in a populistic manner to draw public attention to all kinds of issues they consider to be grievances. The conspiracy theory internet portals [[NWO-Fighter.info]], [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Infokrieg.tv infokrieg.tv] and terraristen.net joined their activities. Naive esoteric campaigners from the "Motzblog" (grumble blog) and the associated internet board "Motzlabor" (grumble laboratory) are behind these activities. Interestingly, the ''Address of Comandante Don'' can also be found on the so-called ''Reichszeitung'', a typical extreme right-wing [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=KRR KRR] (Kommissarische Reichsregierung, Provisional Government of the German Reich) publication. In summer 2008 it gained public attention when they hired the Cologne-based outdoor advertising company ''Kölner Außenwerbung KAW'' to hang up anti-condensation trail posters.<ref>http://netzklempnerin.wordpress.com/2008/07/20/die-gelben-piraten-aus-taka-tuka-land/</ref>
==Chemtrails, Anti-vacciners and Bird Flu==
[http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Anita_Petek-Dimmer Anita Petek-Dimmer] uses chemtrails in her [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Impfgegner anti-vaccination] campaign in an absurd way. Quotation: ''The radioactive radiation effect of plutonium-enriched chemtrails spreads out to forests, meadows, farm- and grassland[...] The soil bacteria are killed by the contamination and break down partly. These bacteria are essential for regulating the water balance. This radiation results in aggradation, desertification and soil crusting. This is most probably also one of the reasons for bird flu.''<ref>http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/117864615/PDFSTART?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0</ref>
According to the Berlin-based ''Expert and technical consultant for low-intensity radioactivity and radioactive effects'' [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Brigitte_Schlabitz Brigitte Schlabitz] bird flu is not caused by a virus, but by the precipitation of "nuclear-induced cloud formations". In a lot of cases, the ailing and dying of indoor plants would also be caused by radioactive chemtrails. Additionally, [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=RFID "micro chips"] would play a role in the effects caused by chemtrails.
==Chemtrail and Politics==
[[image:Ctglashuetten.jpg|350px|thumb]]
The NPD, a German far right party, felt compelled to issue a parliamentary inquiry in the Saxonian state assembly regarding chemtrials. Often, right-wing activists use the chemtrail-"problem" to hook uninformed (especially overstrained and afraid of life) persons and get them closer to antisemitic writings and right-wing opinions.
In January 2009 the local group of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen (German ecological party) in Glashütten (population 5500) published an outrageously disinforming pamphlet on chemtrails on their web site [http://www.gruene-glashuetten.de/index.php?dom=1&lang=22&p=74]. Titled ''The destruction of the sky by chemtrails'', it claimed that the population would be poisoned from aircrafts by barium, aluminum and ''Sulfur'' [this word is not the correct term in German and most probably the result of translating without understanding]. Neither witnesses nor any reliable evidence were given to back these outrageous, allegedly billion-costing accusations, allegedly costing billions. When asked via e-mail, the operator of the web site could also not answer the question how these alleged poisontrails could be proved.
==Chemtrail-courses at the VHS (adult education center) Oldenburg==
[[image:AltnickelVHS.jpg|VHS-course announcement in the internet|300px|thumb]]
Since at least since March 2008, the solar-collector assembler [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Werner_Altnickel Werner Altnickel] was allowed to give lectures at the VHS Oldenburg on the pseudo-scientific conspiracy theory of chemtrails and the ionospheric research program [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=HAARP HAARP] for a paying audience. After paying 12 EUR, the course participants learn how HAARP allegedly acts as "ionospheric heater", "opens" ozone holes, "directs storms" and creates tsunamis and earthquakes.<ref>Volkshochschule Oldenburg, Kursprogramm Ratgeber und Praxis, Natur (Courses 'Guidebook and praxis, nature'). Die Macht über das Wetter - Chemische und elektromagnetische Wettermanipulationen (Weather at disposal – Chemical and electromagnetic weather manipulations). According to the opinion of the speaker, since more than 55 years health- and live-damaging weather manipulations take place. In 1977, in Geneva the ENMOD-convention on outlawing artificial earthquakes and tsunamis, the selective opening of ozone holes, the directing of storms and the electrical manipulation of the ionosphere etc was worked out. In 1998 the EU met to outlaw installations like the »ionosphere heater« HAARP, without success. Werner Altnickel. One-time presentation (4 lessons), Tuesday, February 16,2010, 7pm - 10pm. Meeting place: Wilhelm- Kempin-Str. 55 , 25 participants, € 12 , Kursnummer X19500. Volkshochschule Oldenburg e.V. - Telefon: (0441) 92391-0 , Telefax: (0441) 92391-13 E-Mail: info@vhsol.de, Internet: www.vhs-ol.de , Wallstraße 17 (Am Waffenplatz) 26122 Oldenburg</ref><ref>http://reflexion.blogsport.de/tag/chemtrail</ref> Altnickel is neither meteorologist nor geophysicist and therefore utters layperson speculations. Beginning of 2010 it became known that the department head of the VHS, [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Claudia_Grove Claudia Grove], who is responsible for administering the courses of the VHS, personally lobbied for including the absurd conspiracy theories of Altnickel in the courses offered at the VHS Oldenburg. In an e-mail addressed to a person complaining about spreading such conspiracy theories by abusing a public institution Grove said: ''Dear Mr. XXX, in your e-mail of January, 17<sup>th</sup> you showed that you are an attentive reader of our course program. Of course we are really glad about this and are open to critical comments. Of course it belongs to the duties of a adult education center to inform about debatable themes. This includes information about chemtrails, the existence of which is indisputable. We were surprised, though, that you expressed such a keen critic without revealing yourself. Kind regards, Claudia Grove''
==Literature==
*Pearson HA, ''Condensation trails where they occur and what can be done about them'',1942, NTRS:2006-11-06, Report Number: NACA-WR-L-474. link: [http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/report.php?NID=1917]
==German Weblinks==
*[http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Chemtrails#cite_note-34 German version used as base for this article]
*[http://www.umweltdaten.de/publikationen/fpdf-l/3574.pdf Hintergrundpapier des Umweltbundesamtes zu Chemtrails]
*[http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/aktuelles/presse/faq-haeufig-gestellte-fragen/welche-rolle-spielen-kondensstreifen-fuer-unser-klima.html Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie: Welche Rolle spielen Kondensstreifen für unser Klima?]*http://www.martin-wagner.org/anti-chemtrails.htm
*[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-38785499.html Sebastian Knauer: Metall am Himmel. DER SPIEGEL 1/2005] (kurzer Artikel zur Chemtrail-Verschwörungstheorie)
*[http://www.focus.de/wissen/wissenschaft/klima/frage-von-m-baumann_aid_26819.html Frage von M. Baumann: Gibt es die „Chemtrails“ wirklich? FOCUS, 07.12.2006]
*http://chemtrails-maerchen.blogspot.com/
*http://chemtrails.bplaced.net/2008/09/sensation-wissenschaftlicher-nachweis.html
*http://www.abgeordnetenwatch.de/index.php?cmd=223&q=chemtrails
==English Weblinks==
*[http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/reports/1942/naca-wr-l-474.pdf NACA-publication on persistent contrails from 1942]
*http://www.skepdic.com/chemtrails.html
*http://www.lacarte.org/health/chemtrails/debunkery/
*http://contrailscience.com/contrail-or-chemtrail/
*http://www.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-051013-001.pdf
*http://www.hans-egebo.dk/skeptic/contrails.htm
*http://www.env.leeds.ac.uk/envi1200/slides/Chapter%209.pdf on Contrail-formation
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfOrez6q7WM
==Versions of this article in other languages==
*[http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Chemtrails Die deutsche Version dieses Artikels]
==References==
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'''Note:''' It would have been impossible to collect the information for this article without references provided by internet message board users that deal with this chemtrail-phantasm in their spare time. We want to thank them explicitely.
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[[category:Pseudoscience]]
[[category:Conspiracy theory]]