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[[image:Testamento2.jpg|Ring artefact presented to be a ''Hamer-focus'' on the first page of a book on GNM|300px|thumb]]
[[image:Testamento2.jpg|Ring artefact presented to be a ''Hamer-focus'' on the first page of a book on GNM|300px|thumb]]
[[image:Pscerorg-n1.jpg|Ring artefact on the first page of a book on GNM|600px|thumb]]
[[image:Pscerorg-n1.jpg|Ring artefact on the first page of a book on GNM|600px|thumb]]
The former German physician [[Ryke Geerd Hamer]] and many followers of [[Germanic New Medicine]] count their diagnosis on a very particular interpretation of computer tomography brain scans of patients. This interpretation is not compatible with modern academic radiology. Hamer himself is not radiologist. In his books and on his webpages, he shows many brain scans but never mentions details about the type of scanner used, exact date, or high voltage and exposure time used. He never explains the radiological findings and the reason why the scans were made. For a better understanding: In radiology, usually the left side of brain is shown on the right side, because a physician usually faces the patient standings in front of them. So he looks from ''downside'' to upside. Hamer presents his scans mirrored: the left side is seen on the left side of the picture.
The former German physician [[Ryke Geerd Hamer]] and many followers of [[Germanic New Medicine]] count their diagnosis on a very particular interpretation of computer tomography brain scans of patients. This interpretation is not compatible with modern academic radiology. Hamer himself is not radiologist. In his books and on his web pages, he shows many brain scans but never mentions details about the type of scanner used, exact date, or high voltage and exposure time used. He never explains the radiological findings and the reason why the scans were made. For a better understanding: In radiology, usually the left side of brain is shown on the right side, because a physician usually faces the patient standings in front of them. So he looks from ''downside'' to upside. Hamer presents his scans mirrored: the left side is seen on the left side of the picture.
Hamer believes that a sudden shock-like onset of an unforeseen so-called ''biological conflict'' leads to a so-called "Dirk-Hamer-Syndrome" (DHS) which immediately (within a fraction of a second) produces a "cancer" in an organ. He postulates that every DHS-related process will take place synchronously in the brain, in the «organic brain» and in the organ. He adds that tumours forming were allegedly controlled by that part of the brain ontogenetically connected with the organ in question. Hamer calls this the «ontogenetic system of tumours». In the brain, the ''biological conflict'' is said to give rise to the development of a so-called «Hamer focus». By this, Hamer means structures seen in CT brain scans which are shaped like a shooting target, or a single, mathematically precise circle. He claims the locations of these Hamer foci and their degree of severity were correlated to the organs affected, the underlying biological conflict and the phase of the conflict. The non-radiologist Hammer adds that radiology was not able to detect these Hamer-foci until his inventions in 1981. According to New Medicine, the patient's right- or left-handedness was also significant.
Hamer believes that a sudden shock-like onset of an unforeseen so-called ''biological conflict'' leads to a so-called "Dirk-Hamer-Syndrome" (DHS) which immediately (within a fraction of a second) produces a "cancer" in an organ. He postulates that every DHS-related process will take place synchronously in the brain, in the «organic brain» and in the organ. He adds that tumours forming were allegedly controlled by that part of the brain ontogenetically connected with the organ in question. Hamer calls this the «ontogenetic system of tumours». In the brain, the ''biological conflict'' is said to give rise to the development of a so-called «Hamer focus». By this, Hamer means structures seen in CT brain scans which are shaped like a shooting target, or a single, mathematically precise circle. He claims the locations of these Hamer foci and their degree of severity were correlated to the organs affected, the underlying biological conflict and the phase of the conflict. The non-radiologist Hammer adds that radiology was not able to detect these Hamer-foci until his inventions in 1981. According to New Medicine, the patient's right- or left-handedness was also significant.
==The ring artefact (ring artifact)==
==The ring artefact (ring artifact)==
Artefacts were quite frequent at the beginning of computer tomography, and a particular type of artefact, the ring-artefact (or ring-artifact) <ref>http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/topics/volume_i/r/ring_artefact/gring_artefact_fig1.aspx?s=ring%20artefact&scope=&mode=1</ref> was sometimes seen in early CT scanners, especially those of third generation, and are very seldom today due to progess in manufacturing scanners. These artefacts are machinery-caused shapes superimposing the underlying scan. Usually they are easy to recognize and can be avoided by complying with the indications given by the manufacturer. Ring artefacts are always precise and perfect dark and bright concentric circles. Sometimes they may appear only as segments of a perfect ring and sometimes only one single circle may appear (if a specific single sensor is defective or not calibrated). The center of the concentric circles corresponds with the axis of rotation of the scanner and sometimes may be seen outside of the subject or object in the scanner. These circles are caused by a defective sensor, a sensor with different sensibility than the other sensors, or after having forgotten to calibrate the entire scanner. An old fashion CT-scanner had to be calibrated (with air or a water-phantom) at the beginning of service. After some hours a message told the operator to stop scanning and to perform a new calibration procedure as temperature influences and other effects were slowly modifying the performance of the individual sensors. These sensors must work at the limit of sensibility to avoid too large doses of radiation for the patient. Knowing this, an expert CT-operator may also be able to produce ''artificial'' rings-artefacts on prupose by avoiding calibration or by manipulating the device.
Artefacts were quite frequent at the beginning of computer tomography, and a particular type of artefact, the ring-artefact (or ring-artifact) <ref>http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/topics/volume_i/r/ring_artefact/gring_artefact_fig1.aspx?s=ring%20artefact&scope=&mode=1</ref> was sometimes seen in early CT scanners, especially those of third generation, and are very seldom today due to progress in manufacturing scanners. These artefacts are machinery-caused shapes superimposing the underlying scan. Usually they are easy to recognize and can be avoided by complying with the indications given by the manufacturer. Ring artefacts are always precise and perfect dark and bright concentric circles. Sometimes they may appear only as segments of a perfect ring and sometimes only one single circle may appear (if a specific single sensor is defective or not calibrated). The center of the concentric circles corresponds with the axis of rotation of the scanner and sometimes may be seen outside of the subject or object in the scanner. These circles are caused by a defective sensor, a sensor with different sensibility than the other sensors, or after having forgotten to calibrate the entire scanner. An old fashion CT-scanner had to be calibrated (with air or a water-phantom) at the beginning of service. After some hours a message told the operator to stop scanning and to perform a new calibration procedure as temperature influences and other effects were slowly modifying the performance of the individual sensors. These sensors must work at the limit of sensibility to avoid too large doses of radiation for the patient. Knowing this, an expert CT-operator may also be able to produce ''artificial'' rings-artefacts on purpose by avoiding calibration or by manipulating the device.
More about this issue:
More about this issue:
'''Translation''': Erlangen, 22.12.89. Possible ring artefacts. The undersigned [Hamer and engineer Feindor] have developed 8 [in fact only 7] excluding criteria regarding the presence of ring artefacts. Ring artefact do not appear if
'''Translation''': Erlangen, 22.12.89. Possible ring artefacts. The undersigned [Hamer and engineer Feindor] have developed 8 [in fact only 7] excluding criteria regarding the presence of ring artefacts. Ring artefact do not appear if
* 1. in MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging or tomography) an anlogue structure is visible [at the same location]
* 1. in MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging or tomography) an analogue structure is visible [at the same location]
* 2. the circles are not perfectly circular, but show impressions, having a correlation with dislocation of tissue [irregular circles]
* 2. the circles are not perfectly circular, but show impressions, having a correlation with dislocation of tissue [irregular circles]
* 3. a formation corresponds to glial tissue [part of the brain, not being out of neurons. Glial tissue never shows up in circles however - see literature. Detection is only possible by analyzing a tissue sample]
* 3. a formation corresponds to glial tissue [part of the brain, not being out of neurons. Glial tissue never shows up in circles however - see literature. Detection is only possible by analyzing a tissue sample]
* 5. further circles [therefore not being concentric] are seen, only one can be a ring artefact.
* 5. further circles [therefore not being concentric] are seen, only one can be a ring artefact.
* 6. the circle structures have a clinical course [history], in other words: if they appear in the same location in future CT scans, but looking different.
* 6. the circle structures have a clinical course [history], in other words: if they appear in the same location in future CT scans, but looking different.
* 7. scanner dependent artefacts are ring-shaped structures or ring segment shaped structures around the axis of rotation of the sanner. If these structures can be confused with biological structures, it is recommended to repeat the scan with a lateral or vertical dislocation of the patient. If the structure will not appear in a different location, in respect to known anatomical reference point, it is not an artefact.
* 7. scanner dependent artefacts are ring-shaped structures or ring segment shaped structures around the axis of rotation of the scanner. If these structures can be confused with biological structures, it is recommended to repeat the scan with a lateral or vertical dislocation of the patient. If the structure will not appear in a different location, in respect to known anatomical reference point, it is not an artefact.
ing Feindor, RG Hamer
ing Feindor, RG Hamer
''Expert opinion by Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h,c. Maximilian Reiser, director of the Institute of Radiology for Clinical Radiology of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, president of the Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft.''
''Expert opinion by Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h,c. Maximilian Reiser, director of the Institute of Radiology for Clinical Radiology of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, president of the Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft.''
''I willingly confirm that the brain scans presented in the "work" of Mr. Hamer have been interpreted in a completely inappropriate way by the author and are in clear conflict to scientifically justified knowledge and experience. An argumentative discussion of the content of Hamer's theories and the related interpretations of the brain scans in my opinion is neither possible nor yielding results because Mr. Hamer remains in a hermetically closed ambience of ideas and rejects any criticism as an expression of arrogant "orthodox medicine". I would like to confim your corrections made in respect to some CT findings.''
''I willingly confirm that the brain scans presented in the "work" of Mr. Hamer have been interpreted in a completely inappropriate way by the author and are in clear conflict to scientifically justified knowledge and experience. An argumentative discussion of the content of Hamer's theories and the related interpretations of the brain scans in my opinion is neither possible nor yielding results because Mr. Hamer remains in a hermetically closed ambience of ideas and rejects any criticism as an expression of arrogant "orthodox medicine". I would like to confirm your corrections made in respect to some CT findings.''
''You may willingly quote this opinion as the opinion of the president of "Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft''
''You may willingly quote this opinion as the opinion of the president of "Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft''
==Other opinions==
==Other opinions==
[[image:Hamer-artefact.jpg|American radiologists discussing Hamer-artifact <ref>http://www.radpod.org/2008/03/24/ring-artefact-with-pseudomedical-interpretation/</ref>|450px|thumb]]
[[image:Hamer-artefact.jpg|American radiologists discussing Hamer-artifact<ref>http://www.radpod.org/2008/03/24/ring-artefact-with-pseudomedical-interpretation/</ref>|450px|thumb]]
The Swiss Study Group for Complementary and Alternative Methods in Cancer writes: ''...The «Hamer foci» on the CT images in Hamer׳s books have been identified by radiological experts as typical artefacts produced by the radiological device which can appear in a poor-quality CT scan...''<ref>Swiss Study Group for Complementary and Alternative Methods in Cancer, SCAC. ''Hamer's «New Medicine»'' Document No. 01/02. [http://www.swisscancer.ch/dt_fr/content/orange/pdf/skak/01_02_hamer_e.pdf]</ref> and the author Sören Ventegodt (Denmark) adds: ..''The concentric circles in the Hamer focus, shown on the front page of his book[1], looks like an artefact and very little as a biological phenomena, which in humans are almost never seen as concentric circles...'' <ref>http://www.thescientificworldjournal.com/headeradmin/upload/2005.03.16.pdf</ref>.<br><br><br>
The Swiss Study Group for Complementary and Alternative Methods in Cancer writes: ''[...] The «Hamer foci» on the CT images in Hamer׳s books have been identified by radiological experts as typical artefacts produced by the radiological device which can appear in a poor-quality CT scan [...]''<ref>Swiss Study Group for Complementary and Alternative Methods in Cancer, SCAC. ''Hamer's «New Medicine»'' Document No. 01/02. [http://www.swisscancer.ch/dt_fr/content/orange/pdf/skak/01_02_hamer_e.pdf]</ref> and the author Sören Ventegodt (Denmark) adds: ''[...] The concentric circles in the Hamer focus, shown on the front page of his book[1], looks like an artefact and very little as a biological phenomena, which in humans are almost never seen as concentric circles [...]''<ref>http://www.thescientificworldjournal.com/headeradmin/upload/2005.03.16.pdf</ref>.<br><br><br>
==Warning letters to German radiologists==
==Warning letters to German radiologists==
[[image:Drg.jpg|left|thumb]]The Association of German Radiologists (Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft DRG) issued a warning letter to all members. The radiologists were made aware that some people may try to undergo a CT-scan for further ''evaluation'' by GNM-therapists, violating German RÖV regulations because lacking any stringent indication. The same warning was also issued by other German Medical Associations <ref>http://www.kvsaarland.de/dante-cms/app_data/adam/repo/5975_CT_Untersuchungen_ohne_rechtfertigende_Indikation.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.bezirksaerztekammer-trier.de/ak_aktuelles_det.php?lfd=280</ref><ref>http://www.laekh.de/upload/Hess._Aerzteblatt/2009/2009_07/2009_07_05.pdf</ref>.
[[image:Drg.jpg|left|thumb]]
The Association of German Radiologists (Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft DRG) issued a warning letter to all members. The radiologists were made aware that some people may try to undergo a CT-scan for further ''evaluation'' by GNM-therapists, violating German RÖV regulations because lacking any stringent indication. The same warning was also issued by other German Medical Associations.<ref>http://www.kvsaarland.de/dante-cms/app_data/adam/repo/5975_CT_Untersuchungen_ohne_rechtfertigende_Indikation.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.bezirksaerztekammer-trier.de/ak_aktuelles_det.php?lfd=280</ref><ref>http://www.laekh.de/upload/Hess._Aerzteblatt/2009/2009_07/2009_07_05.pdf</ref>
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==CT brain scans presented by R.G. Hamer==
==CT brain scans presented by R. G. Hamer==
The pictures are from his book: <ref>Hamer RG, Vermächtnis einer neuen Medizin, first part, editor. Amici Di Dirk</ref>.
The pictures are from his book: <ref>Hamer RG, Vermächtnis einer neuen Medizin, first part, editor. Amici Di Dirk</ref>.
{|
{|
|[[image:VNM1-209.jpg|page 209|600px]] || page 209: clear evidence of a ring artefact with at least 7 concentric rings extending from one hemisphere to the other without displacing any tissue between them. It can be seen that the circles seem to enter and exit the scull. These shapes have no biological origin. Hamer here identifies a Hamer-focus in ''ca Phase''.
|[[image:VNM1-209.jpg|page 209|600px]] || page 209: clear evidence of a ring artefact with at least 7 concentric rings extending from one hemisphere to the other without displacing any tissue between them. It can be seen that the circles seem to enter and exit the scull. These shapes have no biological origin. Hamer here identifies a Hamer-focus in ''ca Phase''.
|-
|-
|[[image:VNM1-210.jpg|page 210: Hamer focus after ''separation-conflict''|600px]] ||
|[[image:VNM1-210.jpg|page 210: Hamer focus after ''separation-conflict''|600px]] ||
page 210: Another obvious and impressive ring artefact can be seen here with at least 10 mathematically perfect concentric circles extending from one hemisfere to the other without dislocating well known anatomical structures (like ventricles). The circles enter and exit the lateral walls of the skull. Hamer instead identifies a ''Hamer-focus'' after a ''separation-conflict'' had occured.
page 210: Another obvious and impressive ring artefact can be seen here with at least 10 mathematically perfect concentric circles extending from one hemisphere to the other without dislocating well known anatomical structures (like ventricles). The circles enter and exit the lateral walls of the skull. Hamer instead identifies a ''Hamer-focus'' after a ''separation-conflict'' had occurred.
|-
|-
|[[image:VNM1-211.jpg|page 211|600px]] || page 211: again an impressive ring artefact displaying at least 20 concentric circles this time. ''fissura longitudinalis'' is not dislocated at all, impossible from a radiologic point of view. According to Hamer, we see the brain scan of an Italian patient of his (from Rome) with a Hamer focus after having been sued for illegally building a house near Rome.
|[[image:VNM1-211.jpg|page 211|600px]] || page 211: again an impressive ring artefact displaying at least 20 concentric circles this time. ''fissura longitudinalis'' is not dislocated at all, impossible from a radiologic point of view. According to Hamer, we see the brain scan of an Italian patient of his (from Rome) with a Hamer focus after having been sued for illegally building a house near Rome.
|[[image:VNM1-220.jpg|page 220|600px]] || page 220: two ring artefacts in every brain scan CT.
|[[image:VNM1-220.jpg|page 220|600px]] || page 220: two ring artefacts in every brain scan CT.
|-
|-
|[[image:VNM1-223.jpg|page 223|600px]] || page 223: two CT scans of the same patient (with alledged breast cancer) are presented, the quality is very poor, however. Hamer claims the tecnician or radiologist made two scans and the patient was moved laterally by 2 cms before the second scan was taken to ''permit detection'' of a possible ring artefact, doubling radiation dosis for the patient. No ring artefact can be seen on the two scans, these pictures are therefore useless to exclude artefacts. Normal gyri and fissures of cerebral cortex are seen (in very poor quality), cut by the CT-slices. The ''Hamer focus'' on left seems to correspond to primary motor area or primary somesthetic gyrus of parietal lobus. The neutral observer does not understand why Hamer choses one specific gyrus as a ''Hamer-focus''m while other similar structures visible are not even mentioned.
|[[image:VNM1-223.jpg|page 223|600px]] || page 223: two CT scans of the same patient (with alleged breast cancer) are presented, the quality is very poor, however. Hamer claims the technician or radiologist made two scans and the patient was moved laterally by 2 cms before the second scan was taken to ''permit detection'' of a possible ring artefact, doubling radiation dose for the patient. No ring artefact can be seen on the two scans, these pictures are therefore useless to exclude artefacts. Normal gyri and fissures of cerebral cortex are seen (in very poor quality), cut by the CT-slices. The ''Hamer focus'' on left seems to correspond to primary motor area or primary somesthetic gyrus of parietal lobus. The neutral observer does not understand why Hamer chooses one specific gyrus as a ''Hamer-focus'' while other similar structures visible are not even mentioned.
|-
|-
|[[image:VNM1-224.jpg|page 224|600px]] || page 224: brain scans of a banker from London, presenting a ''Hamer focus''.
|[[image:VNM1-224.jpg|page 224|600px]] || page 224: brain scans of a banker from London, presenting a ''Hamer focus''.
|[[image:VNM1-229.jpg|page 229|600px]] || page 229: no artefact, says Hamer.
|[[image:VNM1-229.jpg|page 229|600px]] || page 229: no artefact, says Hamer.
|-
|-
|[[image:VNM1-231.jpg|page 231|600px]] || page 231: clear evidence of a ring artefact. Hamer argues there was no artefact as the concentric formation was not exactly circular.
|[[image:VNM1-231.jpg|page 231|600px]] || page 231: clear evidence of a ring artefact. Hamer argues there was no artefact as the concentric formation was not exactly circular.
|}
|}