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According to Turtur, unmoving electric charges allegedly emitted energy at the speed of light, which they previously had received from vacuum energy. This allegedly resulted in an energy circuit. In conventional physics, only moving electric charges emit energy.
According to Turtur, unmoving electric charges allegedly emitted energy at the speed of light, which they previously had received from vacuum energy. This allegedly resulted in an energy circuit. In conventional physics, only moving electric charges emit energy.
==Turtur-Rotor / elektrostatic fan wheel motor of Turtur==
==Turtur-Rotor / electrostatic fan wheel motor of Turtur==
[[image:Turtur88.jpg|thumb]]
[[image:Turtur88.jpg|thumb]]
[[image:TurturVakuum.jpg|Test in vacuum|thumb]]
[[image:TurturVakuum.jpg|Test in vacuum|thumb]]
Between April and December 2008, Turtur conducted privately funded experiments on a "fan wheel motor" invented by him, which would be driven in his opinion by inexhaustible vacuum energy but would require applicance of high voltage (1-30 KV), which finds no consideration in the Casimir effect. Without high voltage, the paddle would not move. A successful replication of his experiment by other scientists remains unknown to date(December 2009). Austrian Harald Chmela (Borderlands) tried at suggestion of [[Martin Tajmar]] to replicate it in vacuum but failed<ref>http://www.hcrs.at/TURTUR.HTM</ref>.
Between April and December 2008, Turtur conducted privately funded experiments on a "fan wheel motor" invented by him which, in his opinion, was powered by inexhaustible vacuum energy but at the same time required applying high voltage (1-30 KV) which, however, is not considered in the Casimir effect. Without high voltage, the impeller would not move. A successful replication of his experiment by other scientists is unknown as of yet (December 2009). Austrian Harald Chmela (Borderlands), at suggestion of [[Martin Tajmar]], attempted a replication in a vacuum but failed<ref>http://www.hcrs.at/TURTUR.HTM</ref>.
Turtur used several slightly different designs. Aluminium foil glued to balsa wood is used as material for the propeller, which swims on litle styropor pads in a water bath, with which is connected by a conductive element. Due to high voltage between the electrically conductive fan and a diametral charged plate Coulomb forces arise which turn the fan to a position of energy minimum(direction of rotation is undetermined at first). Afterwards. the fan should start to rotate. Direction of rotation is said to be always same and angular velocity is said to depend on applied high voltage.
Turtur used several slightly differing designs. Aluminium foil glued to balsa wood is used as material for the propeller which swims in a water bath on small styrofoam, with which it is connected by a conductive element. Due to high voltage between the electrically conductive impeller and a diametrically charged plate, Coulomb forces arise which turn the fan to a position of energy minimum (direction of rotation is undetermined at first). Afterwards. the fan is expected to start rotating. The direction of rotation is said to be always the same, while angular velocity is said to depend on the high voltage applied.
According to his own estimates, an observed performance of 150 nW(nano Watt) of the engine in air and water bath with rotation times of 1-16 minutes were seen, yielding a few kilovolts. The usage of the high voltage power supply is unknwon, but he mentions a current limit of 50µA for his vacuum experiments. A high voltage power supply built by Turtur was said to have been used in the experiments and Turtur stated that he was not able to keep the output voltage constant. A replica by an Italian inventor at 38 KV yielded high voltage fluctuating currents up to 7 mA<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VRDK5Ra-lg</ref>. Later experiments in vacuum with an oil bath of vacuum-oil(a special kind of oil) are said to have required higher voltage of 16-30 kV and yielded just an average current of 0.1 pA in vacuum (about 3 nW power) with additional peaks of several picoampere. Rotation speed was said to be slower in vacuum with a circulation time of 2 to 3 hours.
Vacuum-tests: Turtur made experiments at Otto-von-Guericke-University in Magdeburg together with the local technician Wolfram Knapp Versuche in vacuum after critics had pointed out that his construction just showed the Biefeld-Brown effect. He put his fan wheel in a sour cream cup of the brand Milbona, which swam in oil. The fan wheel was connected with a wire to the high voltage power supply. According to his own report rotation speed decreased. A pressure of 10<sup>-3</sup> to 10<sup>-5</sup> Millibar, was applied, further decrease of the pressure would have led to boiling oil and was avoided. The used vacuum oil was from the type "Ilmvac, LABOVAC-12S" with a vapor pressure of 10<sup>-8</sup> mbar, a 40 degree (C) viscosity of 94 mPoise. Mechanical power output in vacuum was not measured and also no experiment without oil or water bath was done.
Vacuum tests: at Otto-von-Guericke University in Magdeburg, Turtur conducted experiments in vacuum in cooperation with the local technician Wolfram Knapp, after critics had pointed out that his construction just showed Biefeld-Brown effects. He put the impeller into a sour cream cup of the brand Milbona, which swam in oil. The impeller was connected to the high voltage power supply by a wire. According to his own report, rotation speed decreased. A pressure of 10<sup>-3</sup> to 10<sup>-5</sup> Millibar was applied; a further decrease of pressure would have resulted in boiling oil and was avoided. The vacuum oil used was of the type "Ilmvac, LABOVAC-12S" with a vapor pressure of 10<sup>-8</sup> mbar, a 40 degree (C) viscosity of 94 mPoise. Mechanical power output in vacuum was not measured and also experiments were not conducted without oil or water bath.
According to his own report<ref>Turtur CW: ''Conversion of vacuum-energy into mechanical energy'',
According to his own report<ref>Turtur CW: ''Conversion of vacuum-energy into mechanical energy'',
The General Science Journal (ISSN 1916-5382), 5. Juni 2008</ref> 'no ongoing rotation over an arbitraty number of revolutions'' was seen in vacuum and the number of revolutions was not reproducible.
The General Science Journal (ISSN 1916-5382), 5. Juni 2008</ref>, ''no ongoing rotation over an arbitraty number of revolutions'' was seen in vacuum and the number of revolutions was not reproducible.
==Vacuum energy vision==
==Vacuum energy vision==
Turtur claims that with enhancement and perfection of his experimental construction power output in the Watt range should be produced. With 10 Megavolt and 20 meters in diameter outputs of 10kW should be achieved. Cascading 10 rotors in a pack should make 100 kW achievable.
Turtur claims that enhancement and perfection of his experimental construction will result in a power output in the Watt range. With 10 Megavolt and 20 meters in diameter, outputs of 10kW should be achieved. Cascading 10 rotors in a pack should render feasible some 100 kW.
Using a strong magnetic field instead of high voltage would further increase energy output since high voltage corona discharges and sparking would be limited.
Using a strong magnetic field instead of high voltage would further increase energy output, since high voltage corona discharges and sparking would be limited.
==Criticism of the fan wheel==
==Criticism of the impeller wheel motor==
Turtur called attention of colleagues to his experiments and was confronted with criticism, he had just demonstrated the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biefeld%E2%80%93Brown_effect Biefeld-Brown effect]. The Biefeld-Brown effect happens with asymetric capacitor plates with an applied electrical field and refers to the force in direction of the smaller plate of the capacitor. The Biefeld-Brown effect is produced by ions which are accelerated by the field. The smaller plate of the capacitor ionizes molecules of the surrounding medium due to the high power of the electrical field and accelerated towards the larger plate. (See article [[Electrical gravity]])
Turtur called attention to his experiments with colleagues and was confronted with the criticism he had only demonstrated the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biefeld%E2%80%93Brown_effect Biefeld-Brown effect]. The Biefeld-Brown effect happens with asymetric capacitor plates with an applied electrical field and refers to the force in direction of the smaller plate of the capacitor. The Biefeld-Brown effect is produced by ions which are accelerated by the field. The smaller plate of the capacitor ionizes molecules of the surrounding medium due to the high power of the electrical field and accelerated towards the larger plate. (See article [[Electrical gravity]])
The reduced speed of the Turtur fan wheel while increasing voltage led the inventor come to the conclusion that the Biefeld-Brown effect was "playing a part", even when he speaks in his papers about the experiments done in air about a successful detection of the use of zero point energy. Other forces than vacuum energy were claimed to be irrelevant in his vacuum experiments. According to Turtur, with 98% certainity the acting force in vacuum is zero point energy in the quantum vaccuum. He ascribed the current of 0,1 pA (10<sup>-13</sup> A)to losses. The supply capacity of the high voltage power supply is completely ignored but should be at least one watt. Since athmospheric pressure was not lowered below 10<sup>-7</sup> mBar, ionic wind out of radical ions and corona effects are a plausible explanation for the observed rotation.
The reduced speed of the Turtur fan wheel at increased voltage caused the inventor to conclude that the Biefeld-Brown effect "played a role", although, in his papers on the experiments done in air, he inadmissibly concludes a successful detection of the use of zero point energy. Other forces than vacuum energy were claimed to be irrelevant in his vacuum experiments. According to Turtur, the acting force in vacuum was zero point energy in the quantum vaccuum at a certainty of 98%. He ascribed the current of 0,1 pA (10<sup>-13</sup> A)to losses. The supply capacity of the high voltage power supply is completely ignored but should be at least one watt. Since athmospheric pressure was not lowered below 10<sup>-7</sup> mBar, ionic wind out of radical ions and corona effects are a plausible explanation for the observed rotation.
Also, incident light might move a rotor and is called a "light mill" (Crookes radiometer) and sold commercially for decoration.
Also, incident light might move a rotor which is called a "light mill" (Crookes radiometer) and sold commercially for decoration.
Both mechanical construction and inevitable inaccuracies of the impeller cause the impeller wheel jerks into a position of minimal energy when high voltage is applied. The movement of the rotor also leads to changes in capacitance and currents which can bring a non-ideal and unstressed HV power supply in "vibrancy" with the rotor, involuntarily resulting in an electrostatic motor. Key factors e.g. are internal resistance of the voltage source and capacity of the circuit. Usage of a parallel capacitor or an alternative power supply of different type during an experiment would have answered this question, but was apparently omitted.
Turtur does not respond to issues with plate spacings, which were too far apart for the Casimir effect and the imperfect version of a perfect plate condensator due to tilted wings. The large distance of several milimeters rules the Casimier-Polder effect as explanation of rotation out. No other experiments by Turtur which show these forces at other distances are known.
Turtur does not respond to issues with plate spacings which were too far apart for the Casimir effect and the imperfect version of a perfect plate condensator due to tilted wings. The large distance of several milimeters rules out the Casimier-Polder effect as explanation of rotation. No other experiments by Turtur showing these forces at other distances are known.
==Elektromechanic Double Resonance Converter EMDR==
==Elektromechanic Double Resonance Converter EMDR==
The [[Elektro-Mechanic Double Resonance Converter]] (EMDR) is a further invention of Turtur, a vaccuum energy machine, which is claimed to win useful energy from zero-point-energy. No professional literature or successful replications are known. (May 2011)
The [[Elektro-Mechanic Double Resonance Converter]] (EMDR) is a further invention of Turtur, a vacuum energy machine, which is claimed to win useful energy from zero point energy. No professional literature or successful replications are known. (May 2011)
==Reception by Science==
==Reception by Science==
Turtur's experiments were not met by scientific recognition from etablished science. According to an article ''Herrn Turturs Physik'' [Herr Turtur's physics] in "Die Tageszeitung" dated July 11, 2009<ref>Benno Schirrmeister: Herrn Turturs Physik, Die Tageszeitung, 11.07.2009 [http://www.taz.de/1/archiv/print-archiv/printressorts/digi-artikel/?ressort=wi&dig=2009%2F07%2F11%2Fa0104&cHash=7da6cf8a9a]</ref> an attempt by Turtur to publish in the journal "Annalen der Physik" failed due to peer review. The experimental setup as described in Turtur's article was rated unprofessional by reviewers: ''..The experimental setup is far away from professional standards..''. Colleagues ignored his experiments or criticised them, as the experimental physicist Gisela Anton who commented: "… this energy cannot be used according to current principles of physics". Immanuel Bloch, director of Munich Max Planck Institute, warned: ''I should rather be careful''. Off the records, comments like „nonsense“ and "every minute dedicated to this is a pointless waste of time" were being voiced.
{{OtherLang2|ge=Claus Wilhelm Turtur|en=Claus Wilhelm Turtur}}
{{OtherLang2|ge=Claus Wilhelm Turtur|en=Claus Wilhelm Turtur}}