Changes

Andrea Rossi and Sergio Focardi gave a press conference on January 14, 2011 which was not only attended by the Italian public television broadcaster RAI (RAI&nbsp;3) and several journalists, but also by several physicists from universities. In a nearby room the function of the reactor was shown for a few minutes. The inventors reported this in their blog<ref>http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=360</ref>, and published three Youtube videos in Italian [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-0WvK2b7dU], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-Ru1eAymvE], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmHZrhTQhUc].

Andrea Rossi and Sergio Focardi gave a press conference on January 14, 2011 which was not only attended by the Italian public television broadcaster RAI (RAI&nbsp;3) and several journalists, but also by several physicists from universities. In a nearby room the function of the reactor was shown for a few minutes. The inventors reported this in their blog<ref>http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=360</ref>, and published three Youtube videos in Italian [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-0WvK2b7dU], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-Ru1eAymvE], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmHZrhTQhUc].

During the press conference they stated that the heat input was 600&nbsp;Watt and the estimated output 12.000&nbsp;Watt (12&nbsp;kW). The produced heat was calculated from the heated water: 292 grammes of water per minute were heated from 20 degree to 101 degrees(dry vapor) and evaporated. The attending physicists were allowed to take some measurements. They were disappointed in regard of a spectral analysis of the gamma radiation which was denied because of secrecy reasons. In a detailed report from independent physicists from the university of Bologna was stated, that no gamma radiation could be measured, even though two holes were made into the device for measurement purposes. From the report:

During the press conference they stated that the heat input was 600&nbsp;Watt and the estimated output 12.000&nbsp;Watt (12&nbsp;kW). The produced heat was calculated from the heated water: 292 grammes of water per minute were heated from 20 degree to 101 degrees(dry vapor) and evaporated. The attending physicists were allowed to take some measurements. They were disappointed in regard of a spectral analysis of the gamma radiation which was denied because of secrecy reasons. A detailed report from independent physicists from Bologna University stated that no gamma radiation could be established, although two holes were made into the device for measurement purposes. From the report:

:''no gamma radiation above the background level in the energy region Eγ > 200 keV has been observed, neither in single counting, not in coincidence;<br>regardless of the internal details of the reaction chamber, shieldings and other industrial secrets, the γ rates measured with the NaI counters seem not compatible with the rates deduced or expected assuming that the energy production was due to nuclear fusion or decay reactions, as suggested in [1].''

:''no gamma radiation above the background level in the energy region Eγ > 200 keV has been observed, neither in single counting, not in coincidence;<br>regardless of the internal details of the reaction chamber, shieldings and other industrial secrets, the γ rates measured with the NaI counters seem not compatible with the rates deduced or expected assuming that the energy production was due to nuclear fusion or decay reactions, as suggested in [1].''

The observers were allowed to weigh the hydrogen gas container before and after the experiment (Weight: 18,6 Kg). Even considering possible errors in measurement (still attached duct tapes) the hydrogen usage was estimated at less than one gramm, not enough to make conventional hydrogen combustion plausible. Link to the report: [http://www.psiram.com/doc/Levi%2C_Giuseppe_-_Report_on_heat_production_during_preliminary_tests_on_the_Rossi_Ni-H_reactor_%282010-2011%29.004810.pdf] The estimation of the reactor output through the amount of evaporated water was criticized afterwards, calculations were made based on dry vapor without taking possible condensate water into account. The alleged water throughput of 292 ml/min was doubted, since the alleged supply pump has only about half the necessary flow rate.

Observers were allowed to weigh the hydrogen gas container before and after the experiment (Weight: 18,6 Kg). Even considering possible errors in measurement (still attached duct tapes), the hydrogen usage was estimated at less than one gramm, not enough to make conventional hydrogen combustion plausible. Link to the report: [http://www.psiram.com/doc/Levi%2C_Giuseppe_-_Report_on_heat_production_during_preliminary_tests_on_the_Rossi_Ni-H_reactor_%282010-2011%29.004810.pdf] The estimation of the reactor output through the amount of evaporated water was criticized afterwards, calculations were based on dry vapor without taking possible condensate water into account. The alleged water throughput of 292 ml/min was doubted, since the alleged supply pump had only about half the necessary flow rate.

==Undocumented experiment on February 10, 2011==

==Undocumented experiment on February 10, 2011==

On February&nbsp;10, 2011 a further "internal test", which was attended by the allegedly "independent" physics instructor Guiseppe Levi from the university of Bologna, was made with the "E-Cat" in Bologna. Several websites purport that the test was instead on February&nbsp;18, 2011. According to Guiseppe Levis description, which was published in a Swedish online article with the title ''"Cold Fusion: 18&nbsp;hour test excludes combustion"''<ref>Mats Lewan: ''Cold Fusion: 18&nbsp;hour test excludes combustion'', "nyteknik.se", article from February 23, 2011. [http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3108242.ece Text]</ref>, the device was connected through a hose with a regular water tap to cool the "reactor". Tap water was said to flow through the device with about 1&nbsp;liter per second and be heated by 5&nbsp;degree. The test was run for 18&nbsp;hours apiece, a water meter quantified the flow and was checked by video through the night. The "reactor" was allegedly heated up for 10&nbsp;minutes with 1.250&nbsp;Watt and afterwards only the controlling device was supplied with 80&nbsp;Watt. This would imply a constant thermal output of 15-20 Kilowatt. According to Levy 0,4&nbsp;gramm hydrogen were used in those 18&nbsp;hours. Levi is cited in the same source that he excludes "chemical energy" as heat source now:

On February&nbsp;10, 2011 a further "internal test", attended by the allegedly "independent" physics instructor Guiseppe Levi from Bologna University, was made with the "E-Cat" in Bologna. Several websites purport the test instead took place on February&nbsp;18, 2011. According to Guiseppe Levi's description, published in a Swedish online article with the title ''"Cold Fusion: 18&nbsp;hour test excludes combustion"''<ref>Mats Lewan: ''Cold Fusion: 18&nbsp;hour test excludes combustion'', "nyteknik.se", article from February 23, 2011. [http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3108242.ece Text]</ref>, the device was connected through a hose to a regular water tap to cool the "reactor". Tap water was said to flow through the device with about 1&nbsp;liter per second and to be heated by 5&nbsp;degree. The test was run for 18&nbsp;hours, a water meter quantified the flow and was checked by video during the night. The "reactor" was allegedly heated up for 10&nbsp;minutes with 1,250&nbsp;Watt and afterwards only the controlling device was supplied with 80&nbsp;Watt. This would imply a constant thermal output of 15-20 Kilowatt. According to Levi, 0,4&nbsp;grammes of hydrogen were used in those 18&nbsp;hours. The same source quotes Levi with the comment he now excluded "chemical energy" as heat source:

:''...Now that I have seen the device work for so many hours, in my view all chemical energy sources are excluded..''.  

:''...Now that I have seen the device work for so many hours, in my view all chemical energy sources are excluded..''.  

February 2011<br>

February 2011<br>

<br>

<br>

On February&nbsp;10 and&nbsp;11, 2011, Levi et&nbsp;al. (U.&nbsp;Bologna) performed another test of the Rossi device. Compared to the January&nbsp;14 test, they used a much higher flow rate, to keep the cooling water from vaporizing. This is partly to recover more heat, and partly because Celani and others criticized phase-change calorimetry as too complicated. There were concerns about the enthalpy of wet steam versus dry steam, and the use of a relative humidity meter to determine how dry the steam was. A source close to the test gave Jed Rothwell the following figures. These are approximations:<br>

On February&nbsp;10 and&nbsp;11, 2011, Levi et&nbsp;al. (U.&nbsp;Bologna) performed another test of the Rossi device. Compared to the January&nbsp;14 test, they used a much higher flow rate, to keep the cooling water from vaporizing. This is partly to recover more heat, and partly because Celani and others criticized phase-change calorimetry as too complicated. There were concerns about the enthalpy of wet steam versus dry steam, and the use of a relative humidity meter to determine the dryness of the steam. A source close to the test gave Jed Rothwell the following figures. These are approximations:<br>

<br>

<br>

Duration of test: 18&nbsp;hours<br>

Duration of test: 18&nbsp;hours<br>

Input power from control electronics: variable, average 80&nbsp;W, closer to 20&nbsp;W for 6&nbsp;hours<br>

Input power from control electronics: variable, average 80&nbsp;W, closer to 20&nbsp;W for 6&nbsp;hours<br>

<br>

<br>

The temperature difference of 5°C * 833&nbsp;ml = 4,165&nbsp;calories/second = 17,493&nbsp;W. Observers estimated average power as 16&nbsp;kW. A 5°C temperature difference can easily be measured with confidence.<br>

The temperature difference of 5°C * 833&nbsp;ml = 4,165&nbsp;calories/second = 17,493&nbsp;W. Observers estimated average power at 16&nbsp;kW. A 5°C temperature difference can easily be measured with confidence.<br>

<br>

<br>

3,000&nbsp;L/h is 793&nbsp;gallons/h, which is the output of a medium-sized $120 ornamental pond pump.<br>

3,000&nbsp;L/h is 793&nbsp;gallons/h, which is the output of a medium-sized $120 ornamental pond pump.<br>

18&nbsp;hours * 16&nbsp;kWh = 288&nbsp;kWh = 1,037&nbsp;MJ. That is the amount of energy in 26&nbsp;kg of gasoline (7.9&nbsp;gallons). Given the size and weight of the device, this rules out a chemical source of energy.<br>

18&nbsp;hours * 16&nbsp;kWh = 288&nbsp;kWh = 1,037&nbsp;MJ. That is the amount of energy in 26&nbsp;kg of gasoline (7.9&nbsp;gallons). Given the size and weight of the device, this rules out a chemical source of energy.<br>

<br>

<br>

Levi et&nbsp;al. are expected to write another paper about this test. We will upload it when it becomes available. NyTeknik published a fascinating description of the latest experiment (in English). This includes new details, such as the fact that the power briefly peaked at 130&nbsp;kW. NyTeknik also published an interview with two outside experts about the demonstration: Prof. Emeritus at Uppsala University Sven Kullander, chairman of the National Academy of Sciences Energy Committee, and Hanno Essén, associate professor of theoretical physics, Swedish Royal Institute of Technology. Two versions are available, in English and Swedish.<br>LENR-CANR Org. News of February 2011. [http://lenr-canr.org/News.htm]</ref> Assuming an average output of 17 kW (the electrical input energy for pre-heating and control can be neglected) over 18 hours gives actually about 300 kWh. The fuel value of 1 liter oil is about 10 kWh<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating_oil</ref>, which gives a heating oil amount of 30 liters to produce the same thermal output.

Levi et&nbsp;al. are expected to write another paper about this test. We will upload it when it becomes available. NyTeknik published a fascinating description of the latest experiment (in English). This includes new details, such as the fact that the power briefly peaked at 130&nbsp;kW. NyTeknik also published an interview with two outside experts about the demonstration: Prof. Emeritus at Uppsala University Sven Kullander, chairman of the National Academy of Sciences Energy Committee, and Hanno Essén, associate professor of theoretical physics, Swedish Royal Institute of Technology. Two versions are available, in English and Swedish.<br>LENR-CANR Org. News of February 2011. [http://lenr-canr.org/News.htm]</ref> Assuming an average output of 17 kW (the electrical input energy for pre-heating and control can be neglected) over 18 hours actually renders about 300 kWh. The fuel value of 1 liter oil is about 10 kWh<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating_oil</ref>, which gives a heating oil amount of 30 liters to produce the same thermal output.

For comparison, the heating value of common energy sources. Because of smoke, exhaust fumes and toxicity(beryllium) they are not feasible. The volume of the external control unit is said to be about 60 liter but contains according to Levi just electronics. The reaction chamber has about 1 liter volume and shielding is said to be 2 cm lead with a weight of 30 kg.

For comparison, the heating value of common energy sources. Because of smoke, exhaust fumes and toxicity (beryllium) they are not feasible. The volume of the external control unit is said to be about 60 liter but, according to Levi, contained just electronics. The reaction chamber has a volume of about 1 liter and shielding is said to be 2 cms lead with a weight of 30 kgs.

*Beryllium – combustion with oxygen: 125&nbsp;MJ/l (very toxic)

*Beryllium – combustion with oxygen: 125&nbsp;MJ/l (very toxic)

==Attempts to replicate the experiments==

==Attempts to replicate the experiments==

A group led by Antonino Zichichi tried 1996 without success to repeat the experiment at CERN in Geneva. They mentioned an observable increase in temperature, but that did not correspond to an increase in heat production:

A group led by Antonino Zichichi in vain tried to repeat the experiment at CERN in Geneva in 1996. They mentioned an observable increase in temperature, but this did not correspond to an increase in heat production:

:''The authors state, "We have found the [Piantelli-Focardi group’s] results to be consistent with our observations; namely we measured higher temperatures for the same input power when hydrogen is absorbed during a heating cycle. Nevertheless this temperature rise does not appear to correspond to an increase in heat production. We have added a temperature sensor to the container of the experiment. The temperature of the container follows the same temperature with input power curve irrespective of whether there is an anomalous absorption of hydrogen or not; therefore we have no evidence that this temperature increase corresponds to another source of heat. In conclusion, we have observed all the effects discovered by Focardi et&nbsp;al., but our results imply that there is no production of power associated with the absorption of hydrogen by nickel."''<ref>Cerron-Zeballos, E., Crotty, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., Lamas Valverde, J., Williams, M.C.S., and Zichichi, A., "''[http://www.newenergytimes.com/Library/1996Cerron-InvestigationOfAnomalous.pdf Investigation of Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H Systems]''". Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 109A, p. 1645-1654, (1996).</ref>

:''The authors state, "We have found the [Piantelli-Focardi group’s] results to be consistent with our observations; namely we measured higher temperatures for the same input power when hydrogen is absorbed during a heating cycle. Nevertheless this temperature rise does not appear to correspond to an increase in heat production. We have added a temperature sensor to the container of the experiment. The temperature of the container follows the same temperature with input power curve irrespective of whether there is an anomalous absorption of hydrogen or not; therefore we have no evidence that this temperature increase corresponds to another source of heat. In conclusion, we have observed all the effects discovered by Focardi et&nbsp;al., but our results imply that there is no production of power associated with the absorption of hydrogen by nickel."''<ref>Cerron-Zeballos, E., Crotty, I., Hatzifotiadou, D., Lamas Valverde, J., Williams, M.C.S., and Zichichi, A., "''[http://www.newenergytimes.com/Library/1996Cerron-InvestigationOfAnomalous.pdf Investigation of Anomalous Heat Production in Ni-H Systems]''". Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 109A, p. 1645-1654, (1996).</ref>

In 1998/1999 a further try to replicate the tests was made by the scientists Luigi Nosenzo and Luigi Cattaneo in Pavia (Italy).Over the course of several months no fusion reaction or energy production could be observed.<ref>Adalberto Piazzoli. "[http://www.cicap.org/new/articolo.php?id=273588 ''Fusione Fredda? Una ricerca italiana'']". CICAP - Scienza & Paranormale N. 78 (Mai 2008)</ref>

In 1998/1999, a further attempt to replicate the tests was made by scientists Luigi Nosenzo and Luigi Cattaneo in Pavia (Italy). Over the course of several months no fusion reaction or energy production could be observed.<ref>Adalberto Piazzoli. "[http://www.cicap.org/new/articolo.php?id=273588 ''Fusione Fredda? Una ricerca italiana'']". CICAP - Scienza & Paranormale N. 78 (Mai 2008)</ref>

==Inventor Andrea Rossi==

==Inventor Andrea Rossi==

[[image:Kensington_university.jpg|Reimbursement-offer of the [[Diploma mill]] "Kensington University Inc." to its customers|left|thumb]]

[[image:Kensington_university.jpg|Reimbursement-offer of the [[Diploma mill]] "Kensington University Inc." to its customers|left|thumb]]

The "Rossi-Energy Amplifier" is not the first invention of Andrea Rossi. He had tried in the 1970s and 1980s to win hydrocarbons from waste to no avail. That led to several law suits and criminal cases with prison sentences against the "Sheik of Brianza" (''Sceicco della Brianza'', sheik because he claimed to win oil from industrial waste, Brianza is an area north of Milan). The law suits were als known as "Petroldragon-affair" after Rossis company "Petroldragon". Rossi was convicted for trading and disposing large amounts of toxic waste no according to regulations. According to Rossi an ecological conversion technology was suppressed. He was also accused of tax fraud. He migrated to USA afterwards. Current company shares (EON&nbsp;srl) are handled by his wife Maddalena Pascucci.

The "Rossi-Energy Amplifier" is not the first invention of Andrea Rossi. In the 1970ies and 1980ies, he tried to win hydrocarbons from waste to no avail. That led to several law suits and criminal cases with prison sentences against the "Sheik of Brianza" (''Sceicco della Brianza'', sheik because he claimed to win oil from industrial waste, Brianza is an area north of Milan). The law suits were also known as "Petroldragon affair" after Rossis company "Petroldragon". Rossi was convicted for trading and disposing large amounts of toxic waste not in accordance with regulations. According to Rossi an ecological conversion technology was suppressed. He was also accused of tax fraud. He migrated to USA afterwards. Currently, company shares (EON&nbsp;srl) are handled by his wife Maddalena Pascucci.

In a Curriculum Vitae containing his work history which is available on his website<ref>http://ingandrearossi.com/gli-inizi/</ref> (see picture on the right from March 4, 2011) Rossi states that he graduated in Philosophy at the University of Milan and names as a second "Laurea" title (common term for a doctors degree at an Italian University) in "Ingegneria Chimca" (chemical engineering) at a californian "Kensington University Inc.". This company was officially registered in Hawaii, but operated from Glendale in California<ref>Kensington University, 520&nbsp;E Broadway Suite&nbsp;400, Glendale, CA&nbsp;91205 </ref> and was a well known [[Diploma mill]] till it was shut down by the law.<ref>Artikel aus der "LA-Times": ''Kensington University Faces Closure Hearing''. April 23, 1996 | JOHN CHANDLER, TIMES STAFF WRITER.<br>Kensington University has no classrooms, laboratories or dorms. Its students don't play football, join fraternities or linger dreamily on a quadrangle. In fact, the entire campus is housed in a small Glendale office building. Recruiting from across the nation, the school runs a program in which students studying entirely at home can earn anything from a bachelor's degree to a doctorate--all without ever attending a single class or even meeting their instructors face to face.</ref><ref>http://www.osac.state.or.us/oda/unaccredited.aspx</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unaccredited_institutions_of_higher_education</ref> The company was sentenced to restitute all former customers (see picture to the left) after it had been reported by a consumer protection organisation.<ref>http://hawaii.gov/dcca/ocp/udgi/lawsuits/kensington/kensington_u_dj.pdf</ref>

In a Curriculum Vitae containing his work history which is available on his website<ref>http://ingandrearossi.com/gli-inizi/</ref> (see picture on the right from March 4, 2011), Rossi states he graduated in Philosophy at the University of Milan and names as a second "Laurea" title (common term for a doctor's degree at an Italian university) in "Ingegneria Chimica" (chemical engineering) at Californian "Kensington University Inc.". This company was officially registered in Hawaii, but operated from Glendale in California<ref>Kensington University, 520&nbsp;E Broadway Suite&nbsp;400, Glendale, CA&nbsp;91205 </ref> and was a wellknown [[Diploma mill]] until it was shut down by the law.<ref>Artikel aus der "LA-Times": ''Kensington University Faces Closure Hearing''. April 23, 1996 | JOHN CHANDLER, TIMES STAFF WRITER.<br>Kensington University has no classrooms, laboratories or dorms. Its students don't play football, join fraternities or linger dreamily on a quadrangle. In fact, the entire campus is housed in a small Glendale office building. Recruiting from across the nation, the school runs a program in which students studying entirely at home can earn anything from a bachelor's degree to a doctorate--all without ever attending a single class or even meeting their instructors face to face.</ref><ref>http://www.osac.state.or.us/oda/unaccredited.aspx</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unaccredited_institutions_of_higher_education</ref> The company was sentenced to restitute all former customers (see picture to the left) after it had been reported by a consumer protection organisation.<ref>http://hawaii.gov/dcca/ocp/udgi/lawsuits/kensington/kensington_u_dj.pdf</ref>

==EON&nbsp;srl, Leonardo Corporation and Defkalion Green Technologies==

==EON&nbsp;srl, Leonardo Corporation and Defkalion Green Technologies==

The company EON&nbsp;srl(apparently owned by Rossi), which is often mentioned related to the topic, has locations in Bondeno<ref>Eon&nbsp;S.r.l., V.&nbsp;C.ragazzi&nbsp;18, I-44012&nbsp;Bondeno</ref> and in Rome<ref>EON&nbsp;Srl, Via Ottaviano&nbsp;66, Roma</ref>. In Bodeno an "E-cat" device is said to have heated the accommodations basically for free. Rossi also claims to have also heated the water at his private address with the E-cat.

The company EON&nbsp;srl(apparently owned by Rossi), which is often mentioned related to the topic, has locations in Bondeno<ref>Eon&nbsp;S.r.l., V.&nbsp;C.ragazzi&nbsp;18, I-44012&nbsp;Bondeno</ref> and in Rome<ref>EON&nbsp;Srl, Via Ottaviano&nbsp;66, Roma</ref>. In Bodeno, an "E-cat" device is said to have heated the accommodations basically for free. Rossi also claims to have also used the E-cat to heat water at his private home.

The undisclosed non-Italian investors and the inventors plan to offer working reactors for industrial purposes in 2011. An official permission from 2006 is known which allows the Italian company EON&nbsp;srl to operate a biodiesel plant with an output of 1&nbsp;Megawatt (MW) in Bodena. According to the inventors it is planned to build a plant with 120 combined energy amplifier reactors which should produce the same amount of energy, 1000&nbsp;kW (1&nbsp;MW), in Greek or USA. Construction should be completed in October 2011, ordering party is a Greek company "Defkalion Green Technologies S.A.".

Undisclosed non-Italian investors and inventors plan to offer working reactors for industrial purposes in 2011. An official permission from 2006 is known which allows the Italian company EON&nbsp;srl to operate a biodiesel plant with an output of 1&nbsp;Megawatt (MW) in Bodena. According to inventors, they plan to build a plant with 120 combined energy amplifier reactors which should produce the same amount of energy, 1,000&nbsp;kW (1&nbsp;MW), in Greece or USA. Construction should be completed in October 2011, ordering party is a Greek company "Defkalion Green Technologies S.A.".

A ''Leonardo Corporation''<ref>Leonardo Corporation, 116 South River Road, Bedford, N.H. 03110 - USA. Webseite: http://leonardocorp1996.com</ref> is located in Bedford, New Hampshire where Rossi is employed. The email address of the company is identical with the email address of EON&nbsp;srl in Italy. This company and the Greek Defkalion are supposed to build the "reactors". Currently the Leonardo Corporation offers electric generators fueled by vegetable oils (turbo charged and intercooled). The company claims a high efficiency due to its patented "EON" technology, which recovers thermal loses.

A ''Leonardo Corporation''<ref>Leonardo Corporation, 116 South River Road, Bedford, N.H. 03110 - USA. Webseite: http://leonardocorp1996.com</ref> located in Bedford, New Hampshire is Rossi's current employer. The e-mail address of this company happens to be identical with the e-mail address of EON&nbsp;srl in Italy. This company and Greek Defkalion are supposed to build the "reactors". Currently, Leonardo Corporation offers electric generators fueled by vegetable oils (turbo charged and intercooled). The company claims a high efficiency due to its patented "EON" technology which recovers thermal loss.

A small company in Athens named "Defkalion Energy" or "Defkalion Green Technologies S.A."<ref>http://www.defkalion-energy.com/</ref> of a Symeon Tsalikoglou will produce the energy catalysators according to Rossi. Whereas the website of EON&nbsp;srl is "under construction" for months now, the page of Defkalion offers now a contact address in Athens.<ref>Defkalion Green Technologies S.A., Temporary Head Quarters - Mesogeion Avenue 2 - 4, Athens Tower, 18th Floor, GR-11527 Athens, Tel: +30 210 7770602, Fax: +30 210 7770608. Email: info@defkalion-energy.com</ref> Domain owner is Andreas Meintanis from GR-19200 Elefsina.

A small company in Athens named "Defkalion Energy" or "Defkalion Green Technologies S.A."<ref>http://www.defkalion-energy.com/</ref> owned by one Symeon Tsalikoglou will produce the energy catalysators according to Rossi. Whereas the website of EON&nbsp;srl has been "under construction" for months now, the page of Defkalion now offers a contact address in Athens.<ref>Defkalion Green Technologies S.A., Temporary Head Quarters - Mesogeion Avenue 2 - 4, Athens Tower, 18th Floor, GR-11527 Athens, Tel: +30 210 7770602, Fax: +30 210 7770608. Email: info@defkalion-energy.com</ref> Domain owner is Andreas Meintanis from GR-19200 Elefsina.

Whereas the Leonardo Corp. will handle business in USA, it is apparently planned that Defkalion will have the sales rights for the rest of the world, but at least Europe.

Whereas Leonardo Corp. will handle business in USA, it is apparently planned for Defkalion to have the sales rights for the rest of the world, but at least for European countries.

Rossi states that he has spent 500.000&nbsp;Euro for tests with more than 1.000&nbsp;E-cat reactors, financed amongst others with earning from his previous company Petroldragon. Till now, no customer had done any advance payments, Rossi would earn revenue or license fees only when sales starts. Part of the revenue would be donated to children suffering from cancer.<ref>http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3122915.ece</ref>

Rossi states he spent 500,000&nbsp;Euro for tests with more than 1,000&nbsp;E-cat reactors, financed e.g. with earnings from his previous company Petroldragon. As of yet, no customers have made any advance payments, Rossi will earn revenue or license fees only when sales starts. Part of the revenue will allegedly be donated to children suffering from cancer.<ref>http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3122915.ece</ref>

==Patents and patent applications==

==Patents and patent applications==

[[image:Rossi_Focardi_Patent.jpg|thumb|Drawing from patent application WO&nbsp;2009/125444 von Rossi]]

[[image:Rossi_Focardi_Patent.jpg|thumb|Drawing from patent application WO&nbsp;2009/125444 von Rossi]]

Rossi has applied for a patent for the method.<ref>WO 2009/125444 A1: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS. Applicant: Pascucci, Maddalena. Inventor: Rossi, Andrea. Date: 15.10.2009</ref><ref>EP 02259998 A1: VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG VON EXOTHERMEN REAKTIONEN ZWISCHEN NICKEL UND WASSERSTOFF. Applicant: Pascucci, Maddalena. Inventor: Rossi, Andrea. Date: 15.12.2010</ref> The European Patent Office as an International Searching Authority of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) had denied the application. It criticized that the invention is not presented in comprehensive terms and that it is not evident that energy should be created through the described reaction of nickel and hydrogen. To cite from the report:

Rossi applied for a patent for the method.<ref>WO 2009/125444 A1: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS. Applicant: Pascucci, Maddalena. Inventor: Rossi, Andrea. Date: 15.10.2009</ref><ref>EP 02259998 A1: VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG VON EXOTHERMEN REAKTIONEN ZWISCHEN NICKEL UND WASSERSTOFF. Applicant: Pascucci, Maddalena. Inventor: Rossi, Andrea. Date: 15.12.2010</ref> The European Patent Office as an International Searching Authority of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) denied the application. It criticized the invention was not presented in comprehensive terms and it was not evident that energy was created by reaction of nickel and hydrogen as described. To cite from the report:

:''As the invention seems, at least at first, to offend against the generally accepted laws of physics and established theories, the disclosure should be detailed enough to prove to a skilled person conversant with mainstream science and technology that the invention is indeed feasible.'' [...] ''In the present case, the invention does not provide experimental evidence (nor any firm theoretical basis) which would enable the skilled person to assess the viability of the invention. The description is essentially based on general statement and speculations which are not apt to provide a clear and exhaustive technical teaching.''<ref>http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wads.jsp?IA=IT2008000532&LANGUAGE=EN&ID=id00000011868762&VOL=100&DOC=075642&WO=09/125444&WEEK=NA&TYPE=NA&DOC_TYPE=WOSA&TOK=Q309-A-eI6srxLYw7s9qWfbp73Y&PAGE=1</ref>

:''As the invention seems, at least at first, to offend against the generally accepted laws of physics and established theories, the disclosure should be detailed enough to prove to a skilled person conversant with mainstream science and technology that the invention is indeed feasible.'' [...] ''In the present case, the invention does not provide experimental evidence (nor any firm theoretical basis) which would enable the skilled person to assess the viability of the invention. The description is essentially based on general statement and speculations which are not apt to provide a clear and exhaustive technical teaching.''<ref>http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wads.jsp?IA=IT2008000532&LANGUAGE=EN&ID=id00000011868762&VOL=100&DOC=075642&WO=09/125444&WEEK=NA&TYPE=NA&DOC_TYPE=WOSA&TOK=Q309-A-eI6srxLYw7s9qWfbp73Y&PAGE=1</ref>