Difference between revisions of "Perpetual Motion"

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[[image:perpetuumMobile.png|thumb]]
 
[[image:perpetuumMobile.png|thumb]]
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A '''Perpetuum Motion''' (lat: eternal movement) device is a hypothetical machine which is said to be able to produce work indefinitely without energy sources or produces more energy than it consumes.
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A '''perpetual motion''' (lat: eternal movement) device is a hypothetical machine which is said to be able to produce work indefinitely without energy sources, or produces more energy than it consumes. Until today, no functioning perpetual motion device has been known of, although numerous lay persons, individual researchers, and pseudo-scientists have tried to construct such a device.
  
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A great number of inventors claim they have built a perpetual motion machine, but none of them succeeded in proving this. Often these claims were made by fraudsters and scammers. Since such a device, if working, violated the laws of thermodynamics, it is also scientific consensus that it is impossible. Despite this fact, the pursuit of perpetual motion devices remains popular.
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A great number of inventors claim they have built a perpetual motion machine, but none of them succeeded in proving this. The field of perpetual motion research is also haunted by a fair share of impostors. These persons will often avoid the term perpetual motion and rather describe their devices as 'converters'.
  
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==Classes of Perpetuum Motion devices==
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Such a device, if working, will be inconsistent with today's knowledge of physics, especially with the principle of energy conservation and Noether's theorem.
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==Classes of Perpetual Motion Devices==
 
[[image:pmleonardodavinci.jpg|PM according to Leonardo da Vinci|left|thumb]]
 
[[image:pmleonardodavinci.jpg|PM according to Leonardo da Vinci|left|thumb]]
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[[image:BesslerRad.jpg|PM Bessler Rad|200px|thumb]]
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[[image:BesslerRad.jpg|PM Bessler Wheel|200px|thumb]]
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From a theoretical point of view, these machine are classified by the law they would violate:
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From a theoretical point of view, these machines are classified into three categories based on which law of thermodynamics they violate:
  
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*Perpetuum Motion device of the first kind: This machine produces energy without input, or more energy than it consumes, and therefore violates the first law of thermodynamics. This kind is also called "overunity" by its supporters.
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*Perpetual motion device of the first kind: This machine would show an efficiency of more than 100% (PM supporters will also call it 'overunity'). Such a device will be in violation of the first law of thermodynamics, the principle of energy conservation, as it would produce energy from nothing.  
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*Perpetuum Motion device of the second kind: This machine converts heat to mechanical energy. Since this cools the environment, it cannot go on forever and violates the second law of thermodynamics.
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*Perpetual Motion device of the second kind: This machine will work cyclically and and will take the energy necessary from a heat reservoir. Such a device will be in violation of the second law of thermodynamics, since the total conversion of work into heat happens to be irreversible. Heat pumps therefore  may not be seen as a second category PM.
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*Perpetuum Motion device of the third kind: A machine that runs indefinitely without doing any work. The idea is that, if friction is completely removed, such a machine might run forever. And while it is impossible to achieve, it is however possible to come pretty close. Such devices have actually useful appliances e.g in the construction of flywheels.
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*Perpetual Motion device of the third kind: A machine that runs indefinitely without doing any work. The idea is that, if friction is completely removed, such a machine might run forever. And while it is impossible to achieve, it is however possible to come pretty close. Such devices have actually useful appliances e.g in the construction of flywheels.
  
 
==Examples==
 
==Examples==
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* [[Testatika]]
 
* [[Testatika]]
 
* Concepts of [[Claus Wilhelm Turtur]]
 
* Concepts of [[Claus Wilhelm Turtur]]
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* [[Wasserauto]] <!-- Deutschen Artikel prüfen und besseren Namen finden-->
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* [[Water-fuelled car]]
 
* [[Felix Würth AG]]
 
* [[Felix Würth AG]]
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{{OtherLang|ge=Perpetuum Mobile|en=Perpetual Motion}}
  
 
==Weblinks==
 
==Weblinks==
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*http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perpetual_motion
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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perpetual_motion Perpetual motion in the Wikipedia]
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*http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History of perpetual motion machines
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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_perpetual_motion_machines History of perpetual motion machines]
 
*[http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/museum/unwork.htm The Museum of Unworkable Devices]
 
*[http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/museum/unwork.htm The Museum of Unworkable Devices]
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flywheel Flywheels in the wikipedia]
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flywheel Flywheels in the wikipedia]
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==Versions of this article in other languages==
 
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*deutsch: [http://www.psiram.com/ge/index.php?title=Perpetuum_Mobile Perpetuum Mobile]
 
  
 
[[category:Abbreviation/Definition]]
 
[[category:Abbreviation/Definition]]

Latest revision as of 12:40, 16 March 2011

PerpetuumMobile.png

A perpetual motion (lat: eternal movement) device is a hypothetical machine which is said to be able to produce work indefinitely without energy sources, or produces more energy than it consumes. Until today, no functioning perpetual motion device has been known of, although numerous lay persons, individual researchers, and pseudo-scientists have tried to construct such a device.

A great number of inventors claim they have built a perpetual motion machine, but none of them succeeded in proving this. The field of perpetual motion research is also haunted by a fair share of impostors. These persons will often avoid the term perpetual motion and rather describe their devices as 'converters'.

Such a device, if working, will be inconsistent with today's knowledge of physics, especially with the principle of energy conservation and Noether's theorem.

Classes of Perpetual Motion Devices

PM according to Leonardo da Vinci
PM Bessler Wheel

From a theoretical point of view, these machines are classified into three categories based on which law of thermodynamics they violate:

  • Perpetual motion device of the first kind: This machine would show an efficiency of more than 100% (PM supporters will also call it 'overunity'). Such a device will be in violation of the first law of thermodynamics, the principle of energy conservation, as it would produce energy from nothing.
  • Perpetual Motion device of the second kind: This machine will work cyclically and and will take the energy necessary from a heat reservoir. Such a device will be in violation of the second law of thermodynamics, since the total conversion of work into heat happens to be irreversible. Heat pumps therefore may not be seen as a second category PM.
  • Perpetual Motion device of the third kind: A machine that runs indefinitely without doing any work. The idea is that, if friction is completely removed, such a machine might run forever. And while it is impossible to achieve, it is however possible to come pretty close. Such devices have actually useful appliances e.g in the construction of flywheels.

Examples

Versions of this article in other languages

Weblinks

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