Changes

[[image:Rossi_Focardi.jpg|Andrea Rossi and Sergio Focardi (picture "La Repubblica"). A (yellow) dosimetric pump of the type "LMI P1" or "J5" can be seen in the foreground (maximum flow: 12.1 or 7.6 l/h) switched at 60% flow rate.|thumb]]

[[image:Rossi_Focardi.jpg|Andrea Rossi and Sergio Focardi (picture "La Repubblica"). A (yellow) dosimetric pump of the type "LMI P1" or "J5" can be seen in the foreground (maximum flow: 12.1 or 7.6 l/h) switched at 60% flow rate.|thumb]]

The '''Focardi-Rossi Energy-Catalyzer''' (also ''E-Cat'' or ''Rossi Energy Amplifier'' or just ''Rossi energy catalyzer'') is an alleged compact fusion reactor based on an assumed [[Cold Fusion]] technology which is planned to be brought to market in 2011. While allegedly using no more than several hundred Watts in electrical heating energy, it is said to emit a heat output capacity of more than 10&nbsp;kW. After reaching operating temperature the electrical heating is said to be turned off, the released heat should keep the process going. According to Italian inventors, alleged engineer(see below) Andrea Rossi<ref>Rossi: ''I am a doctor in the Philosophy of Science and Engineering from the Universita’ Degli Studi Di Milano''</ref>, cold fusion <ref>Andrea Rossi and Professor emeritus in physics Sergio Focardi in their patent application, Page 12: ''the reaction actually provides a true nuclear cold fusion.''</ref> of hydrogen and nickel was taking place in the reactor, leading to the formation of copper. As a side-effect of the reaction, ionizing radiation is said to be emitted, which was disproved by independent parties.<ref>http://www.psiram.com/doc/Levi%2C_Giuseppe_-_Report_on_heat_production_during_preliminary_tests_on_the_Rossi_Ni-H_reactor_%282010-2011%29.004810.pdf</ref> So far, attempts to replicate the experiment independently failed. The latest (partially public) presentations took place from mid-January to end of March 2011. The respective experiments show several methodological weaknesses. A Greek business newspaper announced in March 2011 that the concept is central to a speculative investment-deal of several hundred million Euro. Inventor Rossi stated in April 2011 to have won a major customer in USA, whose identity may not be revealed due to clauses in the contract.

The '''Focardi-Rossi Energy-Catalyzer''' (also ''E-Cat'' or ''Rossi Energy Amplifier'' or just ''Rossi energy catalyzer'') is an alleged compact fusion reactor planned to be brought to market in 2011. According to Italian inventors, alleged engineer(see below) Andrea Rossi<ref>Rossi: ''I am a doctor in the Philosophy of Science and Engineering from the Universita’ Degli Studi Di Milano''</ref>, [[Cold Fusion|cold fusion]] of hydrogen and nickel was taking place in the reactor<ref>Andrea Rossi and Professor emeritus in physics Sergio Focardi in their patent application, Page 12: ''the reaction actually provides a true nuclear cold fusion.''</ref>, leading under emission of strong heat to the formation of copper. The demonstrations of Rossi in 2011 were criticized by various sources, for example neither gamma nor neutron radiation could be measured<ref>http://www.psiram.com/doc/Levi%2C_Giuseppe_-_Report_on_heat_production_during_preliminary_tests_on_the_Rossi_Ni-H_reactor_%282010-2011%29.004810.pdf</ref> and there is no proof for the creation of non-natural isotope ratios in the alleged fusion products. The respective experiments show several methodological weaknesses. Independent tests, which might prove a fusion process according to the said principle, failed so far. Specialist literature about the "Energy-Catalyzer" is not available(as of April 2011)

 

A Greek business newspaper announced in March 2011 that the concept is central to a speculative investment-deal of several hundred million Euro. Rossi had been in conflict with the law previously and also offered thermoelectrical elements with wondrous efficiency before, which showed in tests just average properties.

The actual inventor of the principle was Italian biophysicist Francesco Piantelli in 1989 who filed patent applications on it in 1995 and 2010.<ref>Piantelli, F., ''Energy Generation and Generator by Means of Anharmonic Stimulated Fusion''. Patent EP 0767962 B1, 1995. [https://data.epo.org/publication-server/pdf-document?PN=EP0767962%20EP%200767962&iDocId=4823352&iepatch=.pdf]</ref><ref>WO 2010058288 A1: METHOD FOR PRODUCING ENERGY AND APPARATUS THEREFOR. 2010-05-27. Erfinder: PIANTELLI SILVIA; PIANTELLI FRANCESCO</ref> Rossi, who also attempts to have his invention patented, does not acknowledge that: ''"My process has nothing to do with the process of Piantelli. The proof is that I am making operating reactors, he is not."'' Some aspects of the claimed functional principle are also similar to descriptions in a patent of the Japanese Yoshiaki Arata from July 2005 (see below).

The actual inventor of the principle was Italian biophysicist Francesco Piantelli in 1989 who filed patent applications on it in 1995 and 2010.<ref>Piantelli, F., ''Energy Generation and Generator by Means of Anharmonic Stimulated Fusion''. Patent EP 0767962 B1, 1995. [https://data.epo.org/publication-server/pdf-document?PN=EP0767962%20EP%200767962&iDocId=4823352&iepatch=.pdf]</ref><ref>WO 2010058288 A1: METHOD FOR PRODUCING ENERGY AND APPARATUS THEREFOR. 2010-05-27. Erfinder: PIANTELLI SILVIA; PIANTELLI FRANCESCO</ref> Rossi, who also attempts to have his invention patented, does not acknowledge that: ''"My process has nothing to do with the process of Piantelli. The proof is that I am making operating reactors, he is not."'' Some aspects of the claimed functional principle are also similar to descriptions in a patent of the Japanese Yoshiaki Arata from July 2005 (see below).

==Purported functional principle==

==Purported functional principle==

[[image:FAE3.jpg|Andrea Rossi and the reactor (demonstration january 14, 2011, Source: [http://curiositybox.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/bologna-14111-cronaca-test-fusione-fredda-del-reattore-nichel-idrogeno-focardi-rossi/ Curiosity-Blog])|350px|thumb]]

[[image:FAE3.jpg|Andrea Rossi and the reactor (demonstration January 14, 2011, Source: [http://curiositybox.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/bologna-14111-cronaca-test-fusione-fredda-del-reattore-nichel-idrogeno-focardi-rossi/ Curiosity-Blog])|350px|thumb]]

[[image:Rossi_Ecat2.jpg|several "Ecat" without shielding and isolation. Picture: Giuseppe Levi|350px|thumb]]

[[image:Rossi_Ecat2.jpg|several "Ecat" without shielding and isolation. Picture: Giuseppe Levi|350px|thumb]]

[[image:Rossi_Ecat.jpg|Reaction chamber from outside, lead shielding and isolation removed. Below: Outer  heating resistor (here: 300W), above: hydrogen intake, left and right: cooling water line. Picture: Giuseppe Levi|350px|thumb]]

[[image:Rossi_Ecat.jpg|Reaction chamber from outside, lead shielding and isolation removed. Below: Outer  heating resistor (here: heating sleeve 300W), above: hydrogen intake, left and right: cooling water line. Picture: Giuseppe Levi|350px|thumb]]

[[image:Rossi6.jpg|Claims of cheap nickel  isotope enrichement as part of the invention (Screenshot from the blog "journal of nuclear physics" on April 11, 2011)|350px|thumb]]  

[[image:Heizmanschette.jpg|typical heating sleeve|thumb]]

[[image:Rossi6.jpg|Claims of cheap nickel  isotope enrichment as part of the invention (Screenshot from the blog "journal of nuclear physics" on April 11, 2011)|350px|thumb]]  

All information currently available regarding the "Focardi-Rossi Energy Catalyzer" come from inventors and their Internet blog, from a patent application by Rossi, from YouTube videos, and from statements by a few physicists who tried to replicate the principle. There has been no noteworthy reception on the part of the international physics community so far and an attempt of inventors to publish an article on their device in a renowned professional journal failed. Only individual physicists reacted with public blog entries and comments (e.g.: [http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/04/11/rossi-energy-catalyst-a-big-hoax-or-new-physics/][http://www.fysik.org/WebSite/fragelada/resurser/cold_fusion.pdf][http://pages.csam.montclair.edu/~kowalski/cf/388amplifier.html]). The most renowned person that commented the energy catalyzer so far is the English Nobel prize winner Brian Josephson. Josephson is known for years as a supporter of so called "cold fusion". As of January 2011, no proper scientific publication is known.

All information currently available regarding the "Focardi-Rossi Energy Catalyzer" come from inventors and their Internet blog, from a patent application by Rossi, from YouTube videos, and from statements by a few physicists who tried to replicate the principle. There has been no noteworthy reception on the part of the international physics community so far and an attempt of inventors to publish an article on their device in a renowned professional journal failed. Only individual physicists reacted with public blog entries and comments (e.g.: [http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/04/11/rossi-energy-catalyst-a-big-hoax-or-new-physics/][http://www.fysik.org/WebSite/fragelada/resurser/cold_fusion.pdf][http://pages.csam.montclair.edu/~kowalski/cf/388amplifier.html]). The most renowned person that commented the energy catalyzer so far is the English Nobel prize winner Brian Josephson. Josephson is known for years as a supporter of so called "cold fusion". As of January 2011, no proper scientific publication is known.

==Details regarding Nickel Consumption and Cost==

==Details regarding Nickel Consumption and Cost==

According to Rossi, 100&nbsp;grammes of nickel powder were consumed over a period of six months at 10&nbsp;kW (therm.) output. The cost for the "fuel" thus amounted to 2&nbsp;Euro.<ref>Nyteknik-Chat 12.03.2011, [http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3124295.ece]</ref> An E-cat will cost about 2,000&nbsp;Euro per kW output (a 10&nbsp;kW-model thus will amount to 20,000&nbsp;Euro). In the North-American radio talk show "Coast to Coast AM", which is known for propagating [[Conspiracy Theory|conspiracy theories]], Rossi said in March 2011 that his planned 1 MW small power station will cost 2 million dollar and later that his 10 kW E-Cat will cost just 5,000 dollar.<ref>Interview with Andrea Rossi, Talk Radio "Coast to Coast AM", on March 23, 2011 [http://www.coasttocoastam.com/article/rossi-cold-fusion-device]</ref> According to the Greek newspaper "Investors World" from march 2011 future "E-cat" devices will produce electrical power through an "inverter". Yearly cost for the production of 20 kW output round the clock(unclear if thermic or electric) will amount to 1,300 Euros. "Defkalion green technologies" plans to request from RAE (regulatory authority for energy) to be included in the "renewable energy" program.<ref name="talefta">[http://talefta.blogspot.com/2011/03/new-mainstream-coverage-of-e-cat-and.html Blog about the "Investors World" article]</ref><ref name="scan">[http://www.xanthipress.gr/eidiseis/politiki/6874-xynidis-ependysi-hyperion-xanthi-ydrogono-nikelio-paragogi-energeias-ergostasio-xanthi.html Coverage and scan of the "Investors World" article] (Greek)</ref><ref name="Investors World Article">Article in the greek newspaper "Investors World" from March 12, 2011, Pages 20-21</ref>

According to Rossi, 100&nbsp;grammes of nickel powder were consumed over a period of six months at 10&nbsp;kW (therm.) output. The cost for the "fuel" thus amounted to 2&nbsp;Euro.<ref>Nyteknik-Chat 12.03.2011, [http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/energi_miljo/energi/article3124295.ece]</ref> An E-cat will cost about 2,000&nbsp;Euro per kW output (a 10&nbsp;kW-model thus will amount to 20,000&nbsp;Euro). In the North-American radio talk show "Coast to Coast AM", which is known for propagating [[Conspiracy Theory|conspiracy theories]], Rossi said in March 2011 that his planned 1 MW small power station will cost 2 million dollar and later that his 10 kW E-Cat will cost just 5,000 dollar.<ref>Interview with Andrea Rossi, Talk Radio "Coast to Coast AM", on March 23, 2011 [http://www.coasttocoastam.com/article/rossi-cold-fusion-device]</ref> According to the Greek newspaper "Investors World" from march 2011 future "E-cat" devices will produce electrical power through an "inverter". Yearly cost for the production of 20 kW output round the clock(unclear if thermal or electric) will amount to 1,300 Euros. "Defkalion green technologies" plans to request from RAE (regulatory authority for energy) to be included in the "renewable energy" program.<ref name="talefta">[http://talefta.blogspot.com/2011/03/new-mainstream-coverage-of-e-cat-and.html Blog about the "Investors World" article]</ref><ref name="scan">[http://www.xanthipress.gr/eidiseis/politiki/6874-xynidis-ependysi-hyperion-xanthi-ydrogono-nikelio-paragogi-energeias-ergostasio-xanthi.html Coverage and scan of the "Investors World" article] (Greek)</ref><ref name="Investors World Article">Article in the greek newspaper "Investors World" from March 12, 2011, Pages 20-21</ref>

==History==

==History==

==Presentation on January 14, 2011==

==Presentation on January 14, 2011==

[[image:FAE4.jpg|Video of an experiment taking several minutes during a public presentation on January 14, 2011 (Source: [http://curiositybox.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/bologna-14111-cronaca-test-fusione-fredda-del-reattore-nichel-idrogeno-focardi-rossi/ Curiosity-Blog])|300px|left|thumb]][[image:RF_Dauer2.jpg|Screenshot from a video of the experiment used to estimate its duration|thumb]][[image:RF_Thermometer.jpg|Comparison of the shown probe to a HP474AC probe (Image: www.physicsforums.com)|thumb]][[image:RF_Pumpe.jpg|Specifications of the used pump "LMI J5" (Image: www.physicsforums.com)|thumb]]

[[image:FAE4.jpg|Video of an experiment taking several minutes during a public presentation on January 14, 2011 (Source: [http://curiositybox.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/bologna-14111-cronaca-test-fusione-fredda-del-reattore-nichel-idrogeno-focardi-rossi/ Curiosity-Blog])|300px|left|thumb]][[image:RF_Dauer2.jpg|Screenshot from a video of the experiment used to estimate its duration|thumb]][[image:RF_Thermometer.jpg|Comparison of the shown probe to a HP474AC probe (Image: www.physicsforums.com)|thumb]][[image:RF_Pumpe.jpg|Specifications of the used pump "LMI P1/J5" (Image: www.physicsforums.com)|thumb]]

Andrea Rossi and Sergio Focardi gave a press conference on January 14, 2011 which was not only attended by Italian public television station RAI (RAI&nbsp;3) and numerous journalists, but also by several physicists from universities. The presentation was done in rooms rented from the company "GM System" in an industrial area of Bologna<ref>Company GM System, Via dell'Elettricista 16, Bologna</ref> and not in rooms of the Bologna University as claimed on various places in the internet.

Andrea Rossi and Sergio Focardi gave a press conference on January 14, 2011 which was not only attended by Italian public television station RAI (RAI&nbsp;3) and numerous journalists, but also by several physicists from universities. The presentation was done in rooms rented from the company "GM System" in an industrial area of Bologna<ref>Company GM System, Via dell'Elettricista 16, Bologna</ref> and not in rooms of the Bologna University as claimed on various places in the internet.

It is not only statistically (nearly) impossible that after an alleged fusion reaction with copper as fusion product an "used" sample will show the same isotope ratio as found in nature. Further considerations about the sample analysis expose insurmountable obstacles to the possibility of fusion:<br>In theory, the stable copper isotopes 63Cu and 65Cu might be a result of fusion of hydrogen and nickel isotopes 62Ni and 64Ni (add one proton each). But according to the Swedish Institute that analysed the samples the unused nickel sample just contained 4.5% of these stable nickel isotopes in sum. Assuming the unlikely case all nickel 62 and nickel 64 atoms were fused with a proton (hydrogen nucleus), the amount of copper would not amount to even 10% of the resulting mass. An alternative reaction chain with unstable isotopes is impossible based on the measured isotope ratios and the absence of radiation: It would be possible to assume nickel 58 as starting isotope which would become copper 59 and decay to nickel 59. Which in turn would become copper 60 and decay to nickel 60 and so on. In the end, the stable copper 63 would be formed. But this would necessitate a completely different copper isotope ratio then found in the analysis.

It is not only statistically (nearly) impossible that after an alleged fusion reaction with copper as fusion product an "used" sample will show the same isotope ratio as found in nature. Further considerations about the sample analysis expose insurmountable obstacles to the possibility of fusion:<br>In theory, the stable copper isotopes 63Cu and 65Cu might be a result of fusion of hydrogen and nickel isotopes 62Ni and 64Ni (add one proton each). But according to the Swedish Institute that analysed the samples the unused nickel sample just contained 4.5% of these stable nickel isotopes in sum. Assuming the unlikely case all nickel 62 and nickel 64 atoms were fused with a proton (hydrogen nucleus), the amount of copper would not amount to even 10% of the resulting mass. An alternative reaction chain with unstable isotopes is impossible based on the measured isotope ratios and the absence of radiation: It would be possible to assume nickel 58 as starting isotope which would become copper 59 and decay to nickel 59. Which in turn would become copper 60 and decay to nickel 60 and so on. In the end, the stable copper 63 would be formed. But this would necessitate a completely different copper isotope ratio then found in the analysis.

==Attempts to replicate the experiments==

==Attempts to replicate the experiments==

==EON&nbsp;Srl, Leonardo Corporation and Defkalion Green Technologies==

==EON&nbsp;Srl, Leonardo Corporation and Defkalion Green Technologies==

The company EON&nbsp;Srl (apparently owned by Rossi), often mentioned in connection with the subject, is registered both in Bondeno<ref>Eon&nbsp;S.r.l., V.&nbsp;C.ragazzi&nbsp;18, I-44012&nbsp;Bondeno</ref> and in Rome<ref>EON&nbsp;Srl, Via Ottaviano&nbsp;66, Roma</ref>. At the location of Bodeno, an "E-cat" device is said to have provided heating for premises virtually for free. Rossi also claims he is also producing hot water in his home with an E-cat. For both claims no independent evidence exists.

The company EON&nbsp;Srl (apparently owned by Rossi), often mentioned in connection with the subject, is registered both in Bondeno<ref>Eon&nbsp;S.r.l., V.&nbsp;C.ragazzi&nbsp;18, I-44012&nbsp;Bondeno</ref> and in Rome<ref>EON&nbsp;Srl, Via Ottaviano&nbsp;66, Roma</ref>. At the location of Bodeno, an "E-cat" device is said to have provided heating for premises virtually for free. Rossi also claims he is also producing hot water in his home with an E-cat. For both claims no independent evidence exists.

There is a ''Leonardo Corporation''<ref>Leonardo Corporation, 116 South River Road, Bedford, N.H. 03110 - USA. Webseite: http://leonardocorp1996.com</ref> located in Bedford, New Hampshire, allegedly Rossi's employer. Their e-mail address is identical with the one of EON&nbsp;Srl in Italy. This company and Greek Defkalion are supposed to build the future "reactors". Currently, Leonardo Corporation offers electric generators fueled by biodiesel (with turbo chargers and intercooling). The company claims a high degree of efficiency due to its patented "EON" technology which was able to recover incurred thermal losses.

There is a ''Leonardo Corporation''<ref>Leonardo Corporation, 116 South River Road, Bedford, N.H. 03110 - USA. Webseite: http://leonardocorp1996.com</ref> located in Bedford, New Hampshire, allegedly Rossi's employer. Their e-mail address is identical with the one of EON&nbsp;Srl in Italy. This company and Greek Defkalion are supposed to build the future "reactors". Currently, Leonardo Corporation offers electric generators fueled by biodiesel (with turbo chargers and intercooling). The company claims a high degree of efficiency due to its patented "EON" technology which was able to recover incurred thermal losses.

There is a small company in Athens named "Defkalion Energy" resp. "Defkalion Green Technologies S.A."<ref>http://www.defkalion-energy.com/</ref>, owned by several investors (Spokesman: Symeon Tsalikoglou), which according to Rossi will produce some of the energy catalysators. While the website of EON&nbsp;Srl has been "under construction" for months now, the page of Defkalion meanwhile offers a contact address in Athens.<ref>Defkalion Green Technologies S.A., Temporary Head Quarters - Mesogeion Avenue 2 - 4, Athens Tower, 18th Floor, GR-11527 Athens, Tel: +30 210 7770602, Fax: +30 210 7770608. Email: info@defkalion-energy.com</ref> Domain registrant is Andreas Meintanis from GR-19200 Elefsina.

There is a small company in Athens named "Defkalion Energy" resp. "Defkalion Green Technologies S.A."<ref>http://www.defkalion-energy.com/</ref>, owned by several investors, which according to Rossi will produce some of the energy catalysators. The owners of Defkalion are unknown. Known are just the vice president Christos Stremmenos (previous professor at the university of Bologna and previous Greek ambassador in Italy) the spokesman Symeon Tsalikoglou. While the website of EON&nbsp;Srl has been "under construction" for months now, the page of Defkalion meanwhile offers a contact address in Athens.<ref>Defkalion Green Technologies S.A., Temporary Head Quarters - Mesogeion Avenue 2 - 4, Athens Tower, 18th Floor, GR-11527 Athens, Tel: +30 210 7770602, Fax: +30 210 7770608. Email: info@defkalion-energy.com</ref> Domain registrant is Andreas Meintanis from GR-19200 Elefsina.

While Rossi's "Leonardo Corp." will cover business in USA, it is apparently planned to pass sales rights for the rest of the world, but at least for Europe, to Defkalion. According to the Greek newspaper "Investors World" an old factory in Xanthi has already been bought for testing of the 1MW plant with energy catalyzers of Rossi. The same source claims a collaboration with a "Prof. Christos Stremmenos" and that Defkalion is a 200 million investment. Half of it will go as royalties to the inventor.<ref name="talefta" /><ref name="scan" /><ref name="Investors World Article" />According to Rossi, production of E-cat will commence even if the patent finally will not be granted. He was also prepared to continue production if competitors see through his invention by reverse engineering.<ref>Information obtained from chat at Nyeteknik dd. March 12, 2011</ref>

While Rossi's "Leonardo Corp." will cover business in USA, it is apparently planned to pass sales rights for the rest of the world, but at least for Europe, to Defkalion. According to the Greek newspaper "Investors World" an old factory in Xanthi has already been bought for testing of the 1MW plant with energy catalyzers of Rossi. The same source claims a collaboration with a "Prof. Christos Stremmenos" and that Defkalion is a 200 million investment. Half of it will go as royalties to the inventor.<ref name="talefta" /><ref name="scan" /><ref name="Investors World Article" />According to Rossi, production of E-cat will commence even if the patent finally will not be granted. He was also prepared to continue production if competitors see through his invention by reverse engineering.<ref>Information obtained from chat at Nyeteknik dd. March 12, 2011</ref>

The energy catalyzer was also covered in several blogs. The most lively interest could be observed in Italy and Sweden.

The energy catalyzer was also covered in several blogs. The most lively interest could be observed in Italy and Sweden.

The most committed critic is the Italian habilitated nuclear chemist Camillo Franchini. Another critic is the habilitated Swedish nuclear physicist Peter Ekström of Lund University. Ekström calls Rossi's invention a "hoax" and [[pseudoscience]]. He also compares it to claims made for the last twenty years by a Randell Mills (BlackLightPower - see [[Hydrino]]). Ekström refers in his critique to the conditions for fusion and nuclear transformations and the emitted radiation. A summary of his critique can be found here: [http://www.fysik.org/WebSite/fragelada/resurser/cold_fusion.pdf Peter Ekström: ''Kall Fusion på italienska'' (Avdelningen för Kärnfysik, Lunds universitet. 12.4.2011, Swedish/English)]. The Swedish professor for physics Kjell Aleklett from Uppsala University also criticized in his blog: [http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/04/11/rossi-energy-catalyst-a-big-hoax-or-new-physics/ Kjell Aleklett "Rossi energy catalyst – a big hoax or new physics?"]

The most committed critic is the Italian habilitated nuclear chemist Camillo Franchini. Another critic is the habilitated Swedish nuclear physicist Peter Ekström of Lund University. Ekström calls Rossi's invention a "hoax" and [[pseudoscience]]. He also compares it to claims made for the last twenty years by a Randell Mills (BlackLightPower - see [[Hydrino]]). Ekström refers in his critique to the conditions for fusion and nuclear transformations and the emitted radiation. A summary of his critique can be found here: [http://www.fysik.org/WebSite/fragelada/resurser/cold_fusion.pdf Peter Ekström: ''Kall Fusion på italienska'' (Avdelningen för Kärnfysik, Lunds universitet. 12.4.2011, Swedish/English)]. The Swedish professor for physics Kjell Aleklett from Uppsala University also criticized in his blog: [http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/04/11/rossi-energy-catalyst-a-big-hoax-or-new-physics/ Kjell Aleklett "Rossi energy catalyst – a big hoax or new physics?"]