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[[image:wasserauto.jpg|200px|thumb]]

[[image:wasserauto.jpg|200px|thumb]]

A '''Water-fuelled car''' is according to supporters of [[Free Energy|free energy]] a hypothetical car that works with just water as fuel. There are no serious reports known of a successful water-fuelled car concept.

According to supporters of [[Free Energy|free energy]], a '''water-fuelled car''' is a hypothetical car using just water for fuel. There are no serious reports known of concept of a successful water-fuelled car.

A water-fuelled car must not be confused with hydrogen vehicles, which carry tanks of hydrogen to burn it with oxygen as fuel.

A water-fuelled car must not be confused with hydrogen vehicles which carry tanks of hydrogen to burn with oxygen as fuel.

==Alleged functional principle==

==Alleged functional principle==

[[image:wasserauto2.jpg|thumb]]

[[image:wasserauto2.jpg|thumb]]

All water-fuelled car models that were thematised so far "work" on the same principle: Carried along water is split by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen under energy consumption and a normal internal combustion engine is then run with oxyhydrogen. The necessary electrical energy to create the oxyhydrogen with a small electrolysis cell is taken from the alternator and/or a car battery. Such a construction can work for some time &ndash; till the car battery is empty and all [[HHO|oxyhydrogen]] is used up.

All water-fuelled car models discussed so far "work" on the same principle: By electrolysis, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen under energy consumption and a normal internal combustion engine is then run on oxyhydrogen. The necessary electrical energy to create the oxyhydrogen with a small electrolysis cell is taken from the alternator and/or a car battery. Such a construction can work for a limited span of time &ndash; i.e. until the car battery has been emptied and all [[HHO|oxyhydrogen]] is used up.

Since the electrical energy taken from the alternator would have to surpass the engine output, the missing energy to keep the engine running for a long time has to be supplied by scientifically unknown [[Esotericism|esoteric]] hypothesis. [[Space Energy]] and Neutrinos (Neutrinolysis) are under discussion in supporting circles of water-fuelled cars.

Since the electrical energy taken from the alternator would have to surpass the engine output, the missing energy to keep the engine running for a long time has to be supplied by ways based on [[Esotericism|esoteric]] hypotheses lacking scientific recognition. Further concepts discussed by supporters of such concepts are [[Space Energy]] and neutrinos (Neutrinolysis).

==Refitting kits for regular engines==

==Refitting kits for regular engines==

[[image:wasserauto3.jpg|Refitting kit|thumb]]

[[image:wasserauto3.jpg|Refitting kit|thumb]]

[[image:FISS2.jpg|Elektrolysis of the company FISS|thumb]]

[[image:FISS2.jpg|Elektrolysis of the company FISS|thumb]]

Shady profiteers sell refitting kits (e.g. at eBay) which should make it possible to convert a car with a regular combustion engine to a water-fuelled car. A chemical agent necessary to allow electrolysis, e.g. baking powder, is added.

Shady profiteers sell refitting kits (e.g. at eBay) which are allegedly enables the conversion of a car with a regular combustion engine into a water-fuelled car. A chemical agent necessary to allow electrolysis, e.g. baking powder, is added.

The company Fiss-Management from Erfurt, Germany (with damaged reputation because of a warning by the Federal Agency for Financial Market Supervision and by a test-journal; probably a one-man-show) offers an on-board-electrolysis cell for passenger cars (2,260&nbsp;€) and trucks (9,520&nbsp;€). See also: [[Spritsparkarte]] <!-- English equivalent? -->

The company Fiss-Management from Erfurt, Germany (enjoying a rather damaged reputation because of a warning by the Federal Agency for Financial Market Supervision and by "Test" magazine and probably not more than a one-man-show) offers an on-board-electrolysis cell for passenger cars (2,260&nbsp;€) and trucks (9,520&nbsp;€). See also: [[Spritsparkarte]] <!-- English equivalent? -->

==Power efficiency of on-board electrolysis==

==Power efficiency of on-board electrolysis==

The efficiency of an alternator is usually clearly lower than the efficiency of optimized generators, moreover alternators have to provide electrical output at various and an often unfavourable rotational speed. The efficiency lies in a range of 50 to 62 percent.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator#Automotive_alternators</ref> Optimal electrolysis at room temperature (platinum electrodes and optimal potential but not more than 14V) has a maximal efficiency of &asymp;60%. Appliance of special high temperature electrolysis at about 800 degrees allows to reach up to 98% efficiency. For simple electrolysis cells, which are sold as extensions, it is about 30%. The efficiency of creating hydrogen with gasoline as fuel is therefore approximately 8%-20%. Using oxyhydrogen as fuel(Brown's Gas) for the engine does not give 100% either but is similar to the efficiency of using gasoline. Otto-motors reach only a power efficiency of about 30-40%. Moreover problems arise due to a higher combustion temperature of hydrogen and connected to it a higher emission of nitric oxides.<ref>http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoffwirtschaft</ref>.

The efficiency of an alternator is usually clearly lower than the efficiency of optimized generators; additionally, alternators have to provide electrical output at various and often unfavourable rotational speeds. The efficiency ranges between 50 to 62 percent.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator#Automotive_alternators</ref> Optimal electrolysis at room temperature (platinum electrodes and optimal potential but not more than 14V) has a maximal efficiency of &asymp;60%. Appliance of special high temperature electrolysis at about 800 degrees allows to achieve an efficiency of up to 98%. For simple electrolysis cells, sold as extensions, this rate is about a mere 30%. The efficiency of creating hydrogen with gasoline as a fuel is therefore approximately 8%-20%. Using oxyhydrogen as fuel (Brown's Gas) for the engine does not provide 100% either, but is similar to the efficiency of using gasoline. Otto engines only achieve an efficiency of about 30-40%. Moreover, further problems arise due to a higher combustion temperature of hydrogen and result in a higher emission of nitric oxides.<ref>http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserstoffwirtschaft</ref>.

The higher temperature also causes higher abrasion of the engine and a higher load for the cooling system; the increased need for repairs and spare parts has a negative impact on the environmental record of the system.

The higher temperature also causes a higher abrasion of the engine and a higher load for the cooling system; the increased need for repairs and spare parts has a negative impact on the environmental record of the system.

Conclusion: To try to operate a internal combustion engine with extra oxyhydrogen which is created on-board through electrolysis leads to higher fuel consumption. The more oxyhydrogen is created, the more costly it is for the driver. Running a car just with oxyhydrogen created by above device leads to 4-5 times more fuel consumption:

Conclusion: To try and operate an internal combustion engine with extra oxyhydrogen which is created on-board through electrolysis leads to a higher consumption of fuel. The more oxyhydrogen is created, the more expensive the system will be. Running a car just with oxyhydrogen created by above device leads to 4-5 times more fuel consumption:

*Kinetic energy created by gasoline combustion has efficiency < 40 %

* Kinetic energy created by gasoline combustion has an efficiency < 40 %

*the rotating alternator has an efficiency of less than 62%

* The rotating alternator has an efficiency of less than 62%

*creating hydrogen through electrolysis has an efficiency of about 60% (special, optimized electrolysis cell)

* Creating hydrogen through electrolysis has an efficiency of about 60% (special optimized electrolysis cell)

*Burning hydrogen with oxygen gives an efficiency < 40 %

* Burning hydrogen with oxygen results in an efficiency of < 40 %

Only about 0,4 x 0,62 x 0,6 x 0,4 = 6% (maybe 10% at max.) of the energy of the gasoline is used. Combustion of just gasoline gives an efficiency of 40% at max. Operation a car just with oxyhydrogen from the on-board electrolysis consumes at least 4 to 5 times as much. Massive usage of this principle (even mixed) would have catastrophic impact from an ecological point of view due to higher CO_{<small>2</small>}-emissions and have higher costs.

Only about 0,4 x 0,62 x 0,6 x 0,4 = 6% (perhaps 10% at max.) of the gasoline's energy is used. Combustion of just gasoline results in an efficiency of 40% at max. Operating a car only with oxyhydrogen from the on-board electrolysis consumes at least 4 to 5 times as much. Massive usage of this principle (even mixed) would have catastrophic impacts from an ecological point of view due to higher CO_{<small>2</small>} emissions and result in much higher costs.

A pure hydrogen operation is illusory with the offered kits since a normal alternator is not even rudimentary constructed to provide enough output for a small car: The maximal output of an alternator (for large executive cars) is about 3,000&nbsp;W which corresponds roughly to the drive train of a small scooter.

Achieving a pure hydrogen operation with the kits offered is illusory since a usual alternator is in no way constructed to provide enough output even for a small car: The maximum output of an alternator (for large executive cars) is about 3,000&nbsp;W which corresponds roughly to the drive train of a small scooter.

The external production of hydrogen gas in industrial electrolysis facilities to supply all cars would please only the nuclear energy and brown coal industry since the additionally necessary huge amounts of electrical energy cannot be provided by renewable energy sources. Problems with storing hydrogen and high losses add to this. Hydrogen can - unlike gasoline - diffuse through normal tank walls: After some time, the tank is empty...

Producing hydrogen gas externally in industrial electrolysis facilities to supply all cars would please only the industries producing nuclear energy and brown coal since the additional huge amounts of electrical energy necessary cannot be provided by renewable energy sources. Additionally, further problems storing hydrogen and high losses would have to be addressed: Unlike gasoline, hydrogen will diffuse through the walls of usual storage tanks, so after some time, the tank will be empty...

Research done in USA showed that such an onboard water electrolysis doesn't make sense since the fuel consumption increases, it does not decrease as claimed.<ref>[http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/how_to/4276846.html?series=19 Popular Mechanics, Artikel ''Water-Powered Cars: Hydrogen Electrolyzer Mod Can't Up MPGs'']</ref><ref>[http://www.wyff4.com/news/17036761/detail.html Greenville News Looking Out 4 You: ''Water 4 Gas Fails to Boost Mileage'']</ref><ref>[http://www.3news.co.nz/Video/CampbellLive/tabid/367/articleID/64717/cat/84/Default.aspx  Hydrogen conversion claims put to the test]</ref><ref>http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2008/07/water4gas.html Consumer Affairs Water4gas</ref>

Research done in USA proved that such an onboard water electrolysis does not make sense since fuel consumption increases, it does not decrease as claimed.<ref>[http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/how_to/4276846.html?series=19 Popular Mechanics, Artikel ''Water-Powered Cars: Hydrogen Electrolyzer Mod Can't Up MPGs'']</ref><ref>[http://www.wyff4.com/news/17036761/detail.html Greenville News Looking Out 4 You: ''Water 4 Gas Fails to Boost Mileage'']</ref><ref>[http://www.3news.co.nz/Video/CampbellLive/tabid/367/articleID/64717/cat/84/Default.aspx  Hydrogen conversion claims put to the test]</ref><ref>http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2008/07/water4gas.html Consumer Affairs Water4gas</ref>

==Clean World Energies and their H-Reaktor==

==Clean World Energies and their H-Reaktor==