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Experiments of Friedrich Paneth and John Tandberg
Muon-catalysed fusion has no practical appliance.
Muon-catalysed fusion has no practical appliance.
==Experiments of Friedrich Paneth and John Tandberg==
[[image:Friedrich_Paneth.jpg|Friedrich Paneth (1887-1958)|thumb]]
The Austrian-born physicists Friedrich Adolf Paneth and Kurt Peters worked in the twenties of the 20th century on the question of a possible nuclear fusion at low temperatures. Their idea was to fuse hydrogen into helium. Helium was very much in demand since it was needed for airships, but there was an import ban on it since the First World war.
In 1926 Paneth reported of a fusion of hydrogen into Helium using Palladium. During treatment of palladium with hydrogen he measured after light heating an unexplainable amount of helium.<ref>F. Paneth, Kurt Peters. ''Über die Verwandlung von Wasserstoff in Helium''. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. Berlin, Band=59, 1926. Seiten=2039–2048. DOI=10.1002/cber.19260590860. ISSN=0365-9488</ref><ref>The Reported Conversion of Hydrogen into Helium. Nature, London. Issue=118, Number 2971. 1926, Pages=526–527. DOI=10.1038/118526a0|ISSN=0028-0836</ref> In 1927 sources of errors in the experiment were recognized. It became evident that glass had a higher permeability for helium when heated. The helium was from the environment and not a fusion product. Paneth and Peters retracted their publication.<ref>U.S. Department of Energy (1989). [http://www.ncas.org/erab/ A Report of the Energy Research Advisory Board to the United States Department of Energy]. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved 2008-05-25</ref><ref>F. Paneth, K. Peters, P. Günther. ''Über die Verwandlung von Wasserstoff in Helium''. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. Band 60, Berlin, 1926. Seiten=808–809. DOI=10.1002/cber.19270600336. ISSN=0365-9488</ref><ref>Fritz Paneth: ''The Transmutation of Hydrogen into Helium''. Nature. 119, 3002. 1927. Seiten=706–707. DOI=10.1038/119706a0. ISSN=0028-0836</ref>
The Swedish Physicist John Tandberg (1896 - 1968) from Lund was denied in 1927 patents on a cold fusion. Tanddberg tried to realize cold fusion under high pressure in an electrolysis cell with palladium.
Dem schwedischen Physiker John Tandberg (1896 - 1968) aus Lund wurden 1927 Patente zu einer kalten Fusion verweigert. Tandberg versuchte kalte Fusion unter hohem Druck in einer Elektrolysezelle mit Palladium zu realisieren.
==Fleischmann and Pons 1989==
==Fleischmann and Pons 1989==