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Focardi-Rossi-Energiekatalysator (Quelltext anzeigen)

Version vom 7. November 2014, 10:45 Uhr

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[[image:Rossi_Focardi_Patent.jpg|thumb|Zeichnung aus Patentanmeldung WO 2009/125444|300px|thumb]]

[[image:Rossi Patent rejection 2012.jpg|Schreiben des Patentanwalts von Rossi vom April 2013, das zeigt, dass wesentliche Patentansprüche (claims) 2012 vom europäischen Patentamt zur Patentanmeldung EP 2259998 zurückgewiesen wurden<ref>https://register.epo.org/espacenet/application?documentId=EUIP1SP64903FI4&number=EP08873805&lng=en&npl=false</ref>|300px|thumb]]

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Zum Verfahren hat Rossi mehrere Patente angemeldet (WO 2009/125444 A1 EP 02259998 A1).<ref>WO 2009/125444 A1: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS. Anmelder: Pascucci, Maddalena. Erfinder: Rossi, Andrea. Veröffentlichungsdatum: 15.10.2009</ref><ref>EP 02259998 A1: VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG VON EXOTHERMEN REAKTIONEN ZWISCHEN NICKEL UND WASSERSTOFF. Anmelder: Pascucci, Maddalena. Erfinder: Rossi, Andrea. EP-Offenlegungsdatum: 15.12.2010</ref> Vom Europäischen Patentamt, als einer der sog. International Searching Authorities der Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (World Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO), wurde die Patentschrift ablehnend beurteilt. Bemängelt wurde, dass die Erfindung nicht nachvollziehbar dargestellt und insbesondere nicht ersichtlich sei, dass durch die beschriebene Reaktion von Nickel mit Wasserstoff Energie erzeugt werde. Zitat aus dem ablehnenden Report:

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Zum Verfahren hat Rossi mehrere Patente angemeldet:

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*WO 2009/125444 A1 EP 02259998 A1.<ref>WO 2009/125444 A1: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS. Anmelder: Pascucci, Maddalena. Erfinder: Rossi, Andrea. Veröffentlichungsdatum: 15.10.2009</ref><ref>EP 02259998 A1: VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG VON EXOTHERMEN REAKTIONEN ZWISCHEN NICKEL UND WASSERSTOFF. Anmelder: Pascucci, Maddalena. Erfinder: Rossi, Andrea. EP-Offenlegungsdatum: 15.12.2010</ref> Vom Europäischen Patentamt, als einer der sog. International Searching Authorities der Weltorganisation für geistiges Eigentum (World Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO), wurde die Patentschrift ablehnend beurteilt. Bemängelt wurde, dass die Erfindung nicht nachvollziehbar dargestellt und insbesondere nicht ersichtlich sei, dass durch die beschriebene Reaktion von Nickel mit Wasserstoff Energie erzeugt werde. Zitat aus dem ablehnenden Report:

:''As the invention seems, at least at first, to offend against the generally accepted laws of physics and established theories, the disclosure should be detailed enough to prove to a skilled person conversant with mainstream science and technology that the invention is indeed feasible. [...] In the present case, the invention does not provide experimental evidence (nor any firm theoretical basis) which would enable the skilled person to assess the viability of the invention. The description is essentially based on general statement and speculations which are not apt to provide a clear and exhaustive technical teaching.''<ref>http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wads.jsp?IA=IT2008000532&LANGUAGE=EN&ID=id00000011868762&VOL=100&DOC=075642&WO=09/125444&WEEK=NA&TYPE=NA&DOC_TYPE=WOSA&TOK=Q309-A-eI6srxLYw7s9qWfbp73Y&PAGE=1</ref>

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Das italienische Patent gleichen Inhalts mit der Nummer IT MI20080629 (''processo ed apparecchiatura per ottenere reazioni esotermiche, in particolare da nickel ed idrogeno.'') wurde im April 2011 erteilt.<ref>IT MI20080629 (A1), METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS. Publication date: 2009-10-10. Inventor(s): ROSSI ANDREA, Applicant(s): PASCUCCI MADDALENA.

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*Das italienische Patent gleichen Inhalts mit der Nummer IT MI20080629 (''processo ed apparecchiatura per ottenere reazioni esotermiche, in particolare da nickel ed idrogeno.'') wurde im April 2011 erteilt.<ref>IT MI20080629 (A1), METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS. Publication date: 2009-10-10. Inventor(s): ROSSI ANDREA, Applicant(s): PASCUCCI MADDALENA.

Also published as: WO 2009125444 (A1), US 2011005506 (A1), EP 2259998 (A1)</ref><ref>http://www.uibm.gov.it/uibm/dati/stampa_elenco_info.aspx?load=info_stampMain&id=1610895&table=Invention</ref> Der Text des Patents ist nicht öffentlich einsehbar, und wird aus Geheimhaltungsgründen erst zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt veröffentlicht.

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Im April 2013 wurde bekannt, dass bereits 2012 wesentliche beantragte Behauptungen (claims) vom europäischen Patentamt zur Patentanmeldung EP2259998 (METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS)<ref>https://register.epo.org/espacenet/application?number=EP08873805&lng=en&tab=main</ref> zurückgewiesen wurden. Bemängelt wurde, dass das gemeinte Funktionsprinzip nicht unmissverständlich erläutert wurde und eine "kalte Fusion" wissenschaftlich nicht anerkannt sei.<ref>https://register.epo.org/espacenet/application?documentId=EUIP1SP64903FI4&number=EP08873805&lng=en&npl=false</ref>

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Ein Patentantrag mit der Nummer US2011/005506 A1 (''Method and apparatus for carrying out nickel and hydrogen exthermal reactions'') wurde von Rossi am 16. September 2010 in den USA eingereicht und am 13. Jänner 2011 durch das Patentamt veröffentlicht. Der Antrag spricht nicht von kalter Fusion sondern beschreibt ein Gerät um mit Nickel und Wasserstoff eine exotherme Reaktion herbeizuführen.<ref>[http://newenergytimes.com/v2/sr/RossiECat/docs/2011RossiUSPatentApp.pdf Method and Apparatus for carrying out nickel and hydrogen exothermal reaction], United States Patent Application Publication</ref> Das US-Patentamt wies den Antrag mit der Control Number 12736193 (Anmeldedatum 16.9.2010) am 26.3.2014 zurück (non final rejection).<ref>http://s1177.photobucket.com/user/chris20055/media/rossi_nf_rejection/p1_zpsa73f7d58.jpg.html</ref> Der Gutachter schreibt dazu: ..''The specification is objected to an inoperable. Specifically, there is no evidence in the corpus of nuclear science to substantiate the claim that nickel will spontaneously ionize hydrogen gas and thereafter “absorb” the resulting proton.. Note that the reaction 58N(p,γ)59Cu is known and has been experimentally observed, it is in context of an accelerated proton beam into a nickel target. The element of acceleration is necessary in this matter – it is the only way for the proton to overcome the basic Coulomb repulsion between the proton and the nickel nuclei.. There is presently no peer-reviewed evidence to demonstrate the spontaneous fusion of nickel and protons. Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the art would be skeptikal that the reaction could occur as claimed because no element overcomes the natural Coulomb repulsion between the interacting nuclei.. Additionally, the Examiner notes that if the reaction occurred as claimed by the Applicant, it would also spontaneously occur in nature, This would lead to two important results: first, as a natural phenomenon, it would not be patentable subject matter; second, the ambient supply of hydrogen would cause any sample of nickel to automatically undergo the reaction – a reaction which could produce damaging -and noticeable- gamma emissions. No such emissions have ever been observed..''

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*Ein Patentantrag mit der Nummer US2011/005506 A1 (''Method and apparatus for carrying out nickel and hydrogen exthermal reactions'') wurde von Rossi am 16. September 2010 in den USA eingereicht und am 13. Jänner 2011 durch das Patentamt veröffentlicht. Der Antrag spricht nicht von kalter Fusion sondern beschreibt ein Gerät um mit Nickel und Wasserstoff eine exotherme Reaktion herbeizuführen.<ref>[http://newenergytimes.com/v2/sr/RossiECat/docs/2011RossiUSPatentApp.pdf Method and Apparatus for carrying out nickel and hydrogen exothermal reaction], United States Patent Application Publication</ref> Das US-Patentamt wies den Antrag mit der Control Number 12736193 (Anmeldedatum 16.9.2010) am 26.3.2014 zurück (non final rejection).<ref>http://s1177.photobucket.com/user/chris20055/media/rossi_nf_rejection/p1_zpsa73f7d58.jpg.html</ref> Der Gutachter schreibt dazu: ..''The specification is objected to an inoperable. Specifically, there is no evidence in the corpus of nuclear science to substantiate the claim that nickel will spontaneously ionize hydrogen gas and thereafter “absorb” the resulting proton.. Note that the reaction 58N(p,γ)59Cu is known and has been experimentally observed, it is in context of an accelerated proton beam into a nickel target. The element of acceleration is necessary in this matter – it is the only way for the proton to overcome the basic Coulomb repulsion between the proton and the nickel nuclei.. There is presently no peer-reviewed evidence to demonstrate the spontaneous fusion of nickel and protons. Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the art would be skeptikal that the reaction could occur as claimed because no element overcomes the natural Coulomb repulsion between the interacting nuclei.. Additionally, the Examiner notes that if the reaction occurred as claimed by the Applicant, it would also spontaneously occur in nature, This would lead to two important results: first, as a natural phenomenon, it would not be patentable subject matter; second, the ambient supply of hydrogen would cause any sample of nickel to automatically undergo the reaction – a reaction which could produce damaging -and noticeable- gamma emissions. No such emissions have ever been observed..''

Im März 2014 wurde der von Rossi eingereichte Patentantrag mit der Nummer US 20110005506 A1 (Method and apparatus for carrying out nickel and hydrogen exothermal reaction)<ref>http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US20110005506</ref> vom US-amerikanischen Patentamt abgewiesen.<ref>http://s1177.photobucket.com/user/chris20055/media/rossi_nf_rejection/p1_zpsa73f7d58.jpg.html</ref>

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*Im November 2014 machte Andrea Rossi einen erneuten Anlauf ein Patent zu erhalten: US Patent Application 20140326711 vom 6. November 2014 mit dem Titel "DEVICES AND METHODS FOR HEAT GENERATION" (Abstract - A reactor device includes a sealed vessel defining an interior, a fuel material within the interior of the vessel, and a heating element proximal the vessel. The fuel material may be a solid including nickel and hydrogen. The sealed vessel may be sealed against gas ingress or egress and may contain no more than a trace amount of gaseous hydrogen. The sealed vessel is heated with an input amount of energy without ingress or egress of material into or out of the sealed vessel. An output amount of thermal energy exceeding the input amount of energy is received from the sealed vessel. The fuel material has a specific energy greater than that of any chemical reaction based energy source.) Inventors: Rossi; Andrea; (Miami Beach, FL - Industrial Heat, Inc., Raleigh NC.

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Patente von Francesco Piantelli:

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Zitat:

:''the invention makes it possible to obtain very high values of hydrogen adsorption in Ni (H/Ni atomic ratio.apprxeq.0.7) quickly and economically. These storage values open up the possibility of using nickel as a source of hydrogen in fuel cells.<br>This invention may also be particularly useful in that field of experimental activity known to those skilled in the art by the names of Cold Fusion or Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, with the aim of generating heat of probably nuclear origin.''

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Im November 2014 machte Andrea Rossi einen erneuten Anlauf ein Patent zu erhalten: US Patent Application 20140326711 vom 6. November 2014 mit dem Titel "DEVICES AND METHODS FOR HEAT GENERATION" (Abstract - A reactor device includes a sealed vessel defining an interior, a fuel material within the interior of the vessel, and a heating element proximal the vessel. The fuel material may be a solid including nickel and hydrogen. The sealed vessel may be sealed against gas ingress or egress and may contain no more than a trace amount of gaseous hydrogen. The sealed vessel is heated with an input amount of energy without ingress or egress of material into or out of the sealed vessel. An output amount of thermal energy exceeding the input amount of energy is received from the sealed vessel. The fuel material has a specific energy greater than that of any chemical reaction based energy source.) Inventors: Rossi; Andrea; (Miami Beach, FL - Industrial Heat, Inc., Raleigh NC.

==Rezeption, Medienecho und Kritik==

Abrax

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