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Antigravitation

Version vom 3. Mai 2009, 21:19 Uhr von Deceptor (Diskussion | Beiträge) (→‎Elektrogravitation)

Als Antigravitation werden bislang hypothetisch gebliebene Kräfte bezeichnet, die der Gravitation entgegenwirken oder sie sogar aufheben sollen. Dabei wird meist von der Möglichkeit ausgegangen, die Gravitation abschirmen zu können. Auch in der Science-Fiction Literatur ist das Thema einer Antigravitation populär.

Nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand widerspricht jegliche Abschirmung der Gravitation dem Äquivalenzprinzip der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie von Albert Einstein. Bis heute konnte kein Experiment zur Antigravitation von seriöser Seite je repliziert werden.

Das Institut für Gravitationsforschung der Göde-Wissenschaftsstiftung hat einen Preis von einer Million Euro für ein reproduzierbares Experiment zur Antigravitation ausgelobt.

Für einen historischen Überblick über die Versuche, eine Abschirmung der Gravitation nachzuweisen, siehe den Artikel von Martins. [1]

Antigravitationsexperimente

  • Experimente von Eugene Podkletnov. Dieser hatte 1995 behauptet, über einem schnell rotierenden ringförmigen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter die Gravitationswirkung abnehme [2]. Versuche, dieses Experiment zu replizieren, misslangen.[3][4][5] Der Österreicher Martin Tajmar gab ebenfalls an mit rotierenden Supraleitern einen antigravitativen Effekt erzielt zu haben. Tajmar hat ein internationales Patent auf ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Gravitationsfeldes und Gravitationsgenerator angemeldet (Patentnummer: WO 2007/082324 A1 )
  • Experimente von Quirino Majorana. Der Experimentalphysiker Majorana führte um 1920 mehrere Experimente durch, und behauptete ein positives Abschirmungsergebnis der Gravitation erbracht zu haben. Die Majorana-Experimente wurden später jedoch in frage gestellt, da die Ergeniss auch nicht über eine Antigravitation erklärbar sind. [6]. Da der genaue Versuchsaufbau von Majorana bislang nicht sicher bekannt ist, wird über seine experimente weiterhin spekuliert.

Glocke / Nazi Bell

Unter der Bezeichnung Glocke (bzw Nazi Bell) wurden angebliche geheime Versuche der Deutschen SS während des 2. Weltkrieges zu einer Wunderwaffe bekannt, bei der die Antigravitation eine Rolle spielt. Die Versuche sollen an einer Anlage namens Der Riese gemacht worden sein, in der Nähe eines Ortes namens Wenceslas, nördlich des Ortes Ludwigsdorf/Ludwikowice Kłodzkie (bei Breslau/Wroclav). Die Glocke soll aus zwei gegensinnig rotierenden Zylindern bestanden haben und im Betrieb violettes Licht abgestrahlt haben. Anekdotische Berichte dazu finden sich nur bei einem polnischen Journalisten namens Igor Witkowski [7], sowie wenigen anderen Autoren.

Function

While the purpose of The Bell is unknown, there is a wide range of speculation from anti-gravityVorlage:Fact to time travel.

Jan Van Helsing claims in his book Secret Societies that, in a meeting that was attended by the members of various secret orders (Vril Gesellschaft, Thule Society, SS elite of Black Sun) and two mediums, technical data for the construction of a flying machine was gathered along with the messages that were said to have come from the solar system Aldebaran[8]

One of Cook's scientist contacts in The Hunt for Zero Point, was a "Dr. Dan Marckus". (Cook states in his book that he has "blurred" Marckus' name[9] and that he is "an eminent scientist attached to the physics department of one of Britain's best-known universities".[10]) Dr. Marckus claimed that The Bell was a torsion field generator and that the SS scientists were attempting to build some sort of time machine with it.[11]

Controversy

The original claims about the existence of the experiment were spread by Igor Witkowski, who claimed to have discovered the existence of the project after seeing secret transcripts of an interrogation by the KGB of SS General Jakob Sporrenberg.

According to Witkowski, he was shown some classified files in August 1997 by a Polish intelligence officer (whose identity Witkowski keeps confidential), who had access to Polish government documents regarding Nazi secret weapons. This officer unveiled to him for the first time the details of the testimony of SS Officer Jakob Sporrenberg,[12] who provided details of this secret sub-program during a questioning by Polish military officials in 1950/51, when he was imprisoned in Poland. Witkowski provides lavish details of this in his book The Truth about the Wunderwaffe. Although no evidence of the veracity of Witkowski's claims have ever been produced, these claims reached a wider audience when they were used by British author Nick Cook in his popular non-fiction book The Hunt for Zero Point.[13]

The origin, and only evidence of the story, lies solely on Witkowski's testimony of seeing secret transcripts of Sporrenberg's interrogation and his comments on it. These documents have never been made public and Witkowski claims that he was only allowed to transcribe them and was not allowed to make any copies. No other evidence has come to light.

The Henge (Fly Trap)

Among Witkowski's other speculations was that a nearby structure dubbed "The Henge"[14] may have been a test rig for the anti-gravity propulsion generated by the Bell. Witkowski said that an industrial complex at the nearby Wenceslas mine was the testing site for the Bell.

Cook describes the structure as Vorlage:Convert wide, and Vorlage:Convert high "with its 12 metre thick columns and horizontal beams, it was part-reminiscent of some ritual pagan edifice."[15]

According to Cook in the History Channel production An Alien History of Planet Earth, during World War II the Allies thought the structure important and noteworthy enough to dub it the "Fly Trap" on reconnaissance photos.[16] Some consider that a mere cooling tower would not have attracted so much attention, especially since the facility's power plant is also clearly visible, some distance away from it.

In August 2005 German investigator, and GAF Staff Officer, Gerold Schelm (aka "Golf Sierra")[17] visited "The Henge" and released his findings in November of that year. He claims to have debunked the "Henge" part of the story, demonstrating that a similar structure he discovered in the Polish city of Siechnice is merely the frame for a cooling tower, and shows both Witkowski's image and his of the completed cooling tower together for purposes of comparison.[18]

Schelm states that on some Polish websites it is referred to as "Muchotapka".[18] However, this is an incorrect spelling. The correct spelling is "Muchołapka" (Czech and Polish for "flyswatter" or "fly trap", literally "flycatcher".[19])

Schelm goes on to state that: Vorlage:Quote

Witkowski had pointed out to Cook some metal bolts, which were visible on the top of the structure, right above every column. Witkowski concluded that those bolts had once absorbed the physical force of a heavy apparatus that must have been placed in the middle of the structure, possibly the Bell.

Schelm states that: Vorlage:Quote

When Cook asked Witkowski what it was, Witkowski said "I am not sure. But whatever it is - whatever it was - I believe the Germans managed to complete it. In this light it is difficult to see, but some of the original green paint remains. You do not camouflage something that is half finished. It makes no sense." Later, he stated that he believes it to be a test-rig.[20] Cook later stated that "I didn't buy Witkowsk's test-rig thesis, but then again I wasn't dismissing it either."[21]

Witkowski went on to show Cook that[22][16]"the ground within the structure has been excavated to a depth of a metre and lined with the same ceramic tiles that Sporrenberg describes in the chamber that contained the Bell."[22] Schelm stated that "I had brought a small foldable spade with me and started digging at three or four places within the circumference of "The Henge". I didn't find anything, only bare earth, full of worms and bugs and weed roots."[18]

Witkowski is not believed to have commented on the similar structure in Siechnice.

Schelm does comment on the paint on the structure in Ludwikowice, stating "when I looked between the columns, I noticed on the south-eastern edge the remnants of what might have been a concrete rim, reaching around "The Henge" at a slightly larger diameter and about 3 meters outside the circle of columns. A portion of the rim of about 4 meters was left, the rest of the rim was either not accessible due to bushes or had been demolished long time ago. The concrete rim had been painted with the same turquoise paint that had been used for the whole structure."

In 2006 Joseph P. Farrell commented in his book, SS Brotherhood of the Bell, "a very odd object that looks like a large concrete henge, self-evidently a test rig of some sort." Farrell goes on to state: Vorlage:Quote

Farrell has not commented on the similarly identical structure in Siechnice exposed by Schelm, and Schelm has not commented on the alleged radiation findings that are contrary to his own findings.

In popular culture

Books

Films

See also

Notes

Vorlage:Reflist

References

Further reading

In date order

Literature

Articles

Documentaries

Audio

External links

Vorlage:Conspiracy theories







Elektrogravitation

Mitunter wird in pseudowissenschaftlichen Kreisen auch der Biefeld-Brown-Effekt als eine erfolgreich realisierte Antigravitation bezeichnet.

Quellennachweise

  1. ↑ Martins, de Andrade, R., 1999. “The search for gravitational absorption in the early 20th century”, in: The Expanding Worlds of General Relativity (Einstein Studies, vol. 7) (eds., Goemmer, H., Renn, J., and Ritter, J.), Birkhäuser, Boston, pp. 3-44.
  2. ↑ Podkletnov EE: Weak gravitation shielding properties of composite bulk YBa_2Cu_3O_ {7-x} superconductor below 70 K under em field. In: Arxiv preprint cond-mat/9701074. 1997 (arXiv:cond-mat/9701074v3)
  3. ↑ N. Li, D. Noever, T. Robertson, R. Koczor, W. Brantley: Static test for a gravitational force coupled to type II YBCO superconductors. In: Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications. 281, Nr. 2-3, 1997, S. 260–267 (doi:10.1016/S0921-4534(97)01462-7)
  4. ↑ C. Woods: Gravity Modification by High Temperature Superconductors. In: Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Salt Lake City, Utah, 8-11 July, 2001. 2001, S. AIAA 2001-3363 (Abstract)
  5. ↑ G. Hathaway, B. Cleveland, Y. Bao: Gravity modification experiment using a rotating superconducting disk and radio frequency fields. In: Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications. 385, Nr. 4, 2003, S. 488–500 (doi:10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02284-0)
  6. ↑ Russell, H.N. (1921). On Majorana’s theory of gravitation. Astrophys. J. 54, 334-346.
  7. ↑ Witkowski: Prawda O Wunderwaffe (2000),Die Wahrheit über die Wunderwaffe.
  8. ↑ Farrell 2006, p. 111
  9. ↑ Cook 2001, p. vii
  10. ↑ Cook 2001, p. 81
  11. ↑ Cook 2001, p. 228
  12. ↑ Referenzfehler: Es ist ein ungültiger <ref>-Tag vorhanden: Für die Referenz namens farrell wurde kein Text angegeben.
  13. ↑ Kleiner 2002
  14. ↑ Image of The Henge
  15. ↑ Cook 2001, p. 285
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 Cook 2006
  17. ↑ pxarchive personal 'Philedelphia Experiment' website with biography
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 Schelm 2005
  19. ↑ Vorlage:Cite web (The "ł" is an actual Polish letter and it sounds like the English "w".)
  20. ↑ Cook 2001, pp. 285-6
  21. ↑ Cook 2001, p. 293
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 Cook 2001, p. 286
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