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| − | Als '''Antigravitation''' werden bislang hypothetisch gebliebene Kräfte bezeichnet, die der Gravitation entgegenwirken oder sie sogar aufheben sollen. Dabei wird meist von der Möglichkeit ausgegangen, die Gravitation abschirmen zu können. Auch in der Science-Fiction Literatur ist das Thema einer Antigravitation populär. | + | [[image:piggott.jpg|Nullifying-Gravity-Experiment nach Piggott|300px|thumb]] |
| | + | Als '''Antigravitation''' werden bislang hypothetische Kräfte bezeichnet, die der Gravitation entgegenwirken oder sie sogar aufheben sollen. Dabei wird meist von der Möglichkeit ausgegangen, die Gravitation abschirmen zu können. Auch in der Science Fiction-Literatur ist das Thema Antigravitation populär. |
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| − | Nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand widerspricht jegliche Abschirmung der Gravitation dem Äquivalenzprinzip der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie von Albert Einstein. | + | Nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand widerspricht jegliche Abschirmung der Gravitation dem Äquivalenzprinzip der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie Albert Einsteins. Bis heute konnte kein Experiment zur Antigravitation je von seriöser Seite repliziert werden. Für einen historischen Überblick über die Versuche, eine Abschirmung der Gravitation nachzuweisen, siehe den Artikel von Martins.<ref>Roberto de Andrade Martins (1999): ''[http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~ghtc/ram-r68.htm The search for gravitational absorption in the early 20th century]. in: ''The Expanding Worlds of General Relativity.'' (Einstein Studies, vol. 7) (eds., Goemmer, H., Renn, J., and Ritter, J.), Birkhäuser, Boston, pp. 3-44.</ref> |
| − | Bis heute konnte kein Experiment zur Antigravitation von seriöser Seite je repliziert werden. | |
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| − | Das Institut für Gravitationsforschung der Göde-Wissenschaftsstiftung hat einen Preis von einer Million Euro für ein reproduzierbares Experiment zur Antigravitation ausgelobt. | + | Das ''Institut für Gravitationsforschung'' der Göde-Wissenschaftsstiftung hat einen Preis von einer Million Euro für ein reproduzierbares Experiment zur Antigravitation ausgelobt.<ref>Göde-Preis für Gravitationsforschung: [http://www.goede-stiftung.org/institut-fuer-gravitationsforschung/goedepreis-fuer-gravitationsforschung.html 1 Million Euro für die Überwindung der Schwerkraft.]</ref> |
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| − | Für einen historischen Überblick über die Versuche, eine Abschirmung der Gravitation nachzuweisen, siehe den Artikel von Martins. <ref>Martins, de Andrade, R., 1999. “[http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~ghtc/ram-r68.htm The search for gravitational absorption in the early 20th century]”, in: The Expanding Worlds of General Relativity (Einstein Studies, vol. 7) (eds., Goemmer, H., Renn, J., and Ritter, J.), Birkhäuser, Boston, pp. 3-44.</ref>
| + | ==Experimente zur Antigravitation== |
| − | | + | [[image:Eduard_Krausz.jpg|[[Eduard Krausz]]|thumb]] |
| − | ==Antigravitationsexperimente==
| + | [[image:Podkletnov.jpg|[[Jewgeni Nikolajewitsch Podkletnow|Podkletnov-Experiment]]|300px|thumb]] |
| − | *Experimente von Eugene Podkletnov. Dieser hatte 1995 behauptet, über einem schnell rotierenden ringförmigen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter die Gravitationswirkung abnehme <ref>Podkletnov EE: Weak gravitation shielding properties of composite bulk YBa_2Cu_3O_ {7-x} superconductor below 70 K under em field. In: Arxiv preprint cond-mat/9701074. 1997 (arXiv:cond-mat/9701074v3)</ref>. Versuche, dieses Experiment zu replizieren, misslangen.<ref>N. Li, D. Noever, T. Robertson, R. Koczor, W. Brantley: Static test for a gravitational force coupled to type II YBCO superconductors. In: Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications. 281, Nr. 2-3, 1997, S. 260–267 (doi:10.1016/S0921-4534(97)01462-7)</ref><ref>C. Woods: Gravity Modification by High Temperature Superconductors. In: Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Salt Lake City, Utah, 8-11 July, 2001. 2001, S. AIAA 2001-3363 (Abstract)</ref><ref>G. Hathaway, B. Cleveland, Y. Bao: Gravity modification experiment using a rotating superconducting disk and radio frequency fields. In: Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications. 385, Nr. 4, 2003, S. 488–500 (doi:10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02284-0)</ref> Der Österreicher Martin Tajmar gab ebenfalls an mit rotierenden Supraleitern einen antigravitativen Effekt erzielt zu haben. Tajmar hat ein internationales Patent auf ein ''Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Gravitationsfeldes und Gravitationsgenerator'' angemeldet (Patentnummer: WO 2007/082324 A1 )
| + | * Der deutsche Ingenieur [[Eduard Krausz]] von der Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen glaubte im Jahr 1991, bei schnell rotierenden Metallzylindern eine Abnahme des Gewichts beobachtet zu haben, die er mithilfe der [[Äther]]theorie zu erklären versuchte. Bei einer Nachstellung des Versuchs wurde keine Gewichtsabnahme festgestellt, Krausz' Beobachtungen lassen sich dagegen mit der herkömmlichen Physik erklären.<ref>[http://www.goede-stiftung.org/experimente/Abschlussbericht-Gravitationsabschirmung-nach-Krausz.pdf Thomas Senkel: "Gravitationsabschirmung durch rotierende Massen Versuchsaufbau nach Eduard Krausz - Abschlussbericht, 30. Juni 2004]</ref> Das "Gelsenkirchener Experiment" wurde vor allem in der [[Esoterik]]szene beachtet und darüber in entsprechenden Zeitschriften wie [[Raum & Zeit]] berichtet, auch von Krausz selbst. |
| − | *Experimente von Quirino Majorana. Der Experimentalphysiker Majorana führte um 1920 mehrere Experimente durch, und behauptete ein positives Abschirmungsergebnis der Gravitation erbracht zu haben. Die Majorana-Experimente wurden später jedoch in frage gestellt, da die Ergeniss auch nicht über eine Antigravitation erklärbar sind. <ref>Russell, H.N. (1921). On Majorana’s theory of gravitation. Astrophys. J. 54, 334-346.</ref>. Da der genaue Versuchsaufbau von Majorana bislang nicht sicher bekannt ist, wird über seine experimente weiterhin spekuliert.
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| − | ==Glocke / Nazi Bell==
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| − | Unter der Bezeichnung ''Glocke'' (bzw ''Nazi Bell'') wurden angebliche geheime Versuche der Deutschen SS während des 2. Weltkrieges zu einer Wunderwaffe bekannt, bei der die Antigravitation eine Rolle spielt. Die Versuche sollen an einer Anlage namens ''Der Riese'' gemacht worden sein, in der Nähe eines Ortes namens Wenceslas, nördlich des Ortes Ludwigsdorf/Ludwikowice Kłodzkie (bei Breslau/Wroclav). Die Glocke soll aus zwei gegensinnig rotierenden Zylindern bestanden haben und im Betrieb violettes Licht abgestrahlt haben. Anekdotische Berichte dazu finden sich nur bei einem polnischen Journalisten namens Igor Witkowski <ref>Witkowski: Prawda O Wunderwaffe (2000),''Die Wahrheit über die Wunderwaffe.</ref>, sowie wenigen anderen Autoren.
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| − | ===Function===
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| − | While the purpose of The Bell is unknown, there is a wide range of speculation from anti-gravity{{Fact|date=February 2009}} to time travel.
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| − | [[Jan Udo Holey|Jan Van Helsing]] claims in his book ''Secret Societies'' that, in a meeting that was attended by the members of various secret orders (Vril Gesellschaft, Thule Society, SS elite of Black Sun) and two mediums, technical data for the construction of a flying machine was gathered along with the messages that were said to have come from the solar system [[Aldebaran]]<ref>Farrell 2006, p. 111</ref> | |
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| − | One of Cook's scientist contacts in ''The Hunt for Zero Point'', was a "Dr. Dan Marckus". (Cook states in his book that he has "blurred" Marckus' name<ref>Cook 2001, p. vii</ref> and that he is "an eminent scientist attached to the physics department of one of Britain's best-known universities".<ref>Cook 2001, p. 81</ref>) Dr. Marckus claimed that The Bell was a [[torsion field]] generator and that the SS scientists were attempting to build some sort of time machine with it.<ref>Cook 2001, p. 228</ref>
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| − | ===Controversy===
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| − | The original claims about the existence of the experiment were spread by Igor Witkowski, who claimed to have discovered the existence of the project after seeing secret transcripts of an interrogation by the KGB of SS General Jakob Sporrenberg.
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| − | According to Witkowski, he was shown some classified files in August [[1997]] by a Polish intelligence officer (whose identity Witkowski keeps confidential), who had access to Polish government documents regarding Nazi secret weapons. This officer unveiled to him for the first time the details of the testimony of SS Officer Jakob Sporrenberg,<ref name=farrell/> who provided details of this secret sub-program during a questioning by Polish military officials in 1950/51, when he was imprisoned in Poland. Witkowski provides lavish details of this in his book ''The Truth about the Wunderwaffe''. Although no evidence of the veracity of Witkowski's claims have ever been produced, these claims reached a wider audience when they were used by British author Nick Cook in his popular non-fiction book ''The Hunt for Zero Point''.<ref>Kleiner 2002</ref>
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| − | The origin, and only evidence of the story, lies solely on Witkowski's testimony of seeing secret transcripts of Sporrenberg's interrogation and his comments on it. These documents have never been made public and Witkowski claims that he was only allowed to transcribe them and was not allowed to make any copies. No other evidence has come to light.
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| − | ==The Henge (Fly Trap)==
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| − | Among Witkowski's other speculations was that a nearby structure dubbed "The Henge"<ref>[http://img350.imageshack.us/img350/568/secretfacility320x2401nz.jpg Image of The Henge]</ref> may have been a test rig for the anti-gravity propulsion generated by the Bell. Witkowski said that an industrial complex at the nearby Wenceslas mine was the testing site for the Bell.
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| − | Cook describes the structure as {{convert|30|m|abbr=on}} wide, and {{convert|10|m|abbr=on}} high "with its 12 metre thick columns and horizontal beams, it was part-reminiscent of some ritual pagan edifice."<ref>Cook 2001, p. 285</ref>
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| − | According to Cook in the [[History Channel]] production ''An Alien History of Planet Earth'', during World War II the Allies thought the structure important and noteworthy enough to dub it the "Fly Trap" on reconnaissance photos.<ref name=alienhistory>Cook 2006</ref> Some consider that a mere cooling tower would not have attracted so much attention, especially since the facility's power plant is also clearly visible, some distance away from it.
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| − | In August 2005 German investigator, and [[GAF]] Staff Officer, [[Gerold Schelm]] (aka "Golf Sierra")<ref>[http://www.pxarchive.de/home/page1.html pxarchive personal 'Philedelphia Experiment' website with biography]</ref> visited "The Henge" and released his findings in November of that year. He claims to have debunked the "Henge" part of the story, demonstrating that a similar structure he discovered in the Polish city of [[Siechnice]] is merely the frame for a cooling tower, and shows both Witkowski's image and his of the completed cooling tower together for purposes of comparison.<ref name=schelm>Schelm 2005</ref>
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| − | Schelm states that on some Polish websites it is referred to as "Muchotapka".<ref name=schelm/> However, this is an incorrect spelling. The correct spelling is "Muchołapka" ([[Czech language|Czech]] and [[Polish language|Polish]] for "[[flyswatter]]" or "fly trap", literally "flycatcher".<ref>{{cite web | title = Slovnik.cz - Multilingual Dictionary | url = http://www.slovnik.cz/bin/mld.fpl?vcb=much&dictdir=encz.cz_d&lines=20&hptxt=1&js=0&sv=1 | accessdate = 01 January 2009}} (The "[[L with stroke|ł]]" is an actual Polish letter and it sounds like the English "w".)</ref>)
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| − | Schelm goes on to state that:
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| − | {{quote|The similarities between the concrete structure known as "The Henge" and the base structure of this cooling tower in Siechnice are obvious. Despite the number of columns does not match (12 at Siecnice and 11 at Ludwikowice), I am sure, that even their dimensions are almost the same. The construction features are exactly the same, leading to the assumption that the cooling tower and "The Henge" once were built using the same plans, maybe even the same construction company. I had no luck in finding out when the cooling tower in Siechnice was erected, but is in very good condition and I think it was built after WW II, maybe in the 60's or 70's.<ref name=schelm/>}}
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| − | Witkowski had pointed out to Cook some metal bolts, which were visible on the top of the structure, right above every column. Witkowski concluded that those bolts had once absorbed the physical force of a heavy apparatus that must have been placed in the middle of the structure, possibly the Bell.
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| − | Schelm states that:
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| − | {{quote|comparing the details of both "The Henge" with the Siechnice cooling tower, the purpose of the bolts mentioned by Witkowski becomes clear: The upper metal construction of the cooling tower is resting on exactly those 12 bolts, being visible just on top of every column like they can be seen at "The Henge". Sorry, Mr. Witkowski, but at this point your theory goes down the drain. The concrete structure that you referred to as a possible "test-rig" for carrying the "Nazi-Bell" inside is no more than the remnant of a cooling tower. And, taking this fact into consideration it appears very plausible that the power plant at the northern end of the valley, next to the "Fabrica", would have had a cooling tower, and a good place to erect that cooling tower would have been the bank right next to the "Fabrica". The "Fabrica", whatever it may have produced, of course would have needed huge amounts of electricity, and this in a very remote location. It would have been feasible to build a power plant next to the factory, producing the required electricity from the coal coming from the in-place Wenceslas Mine. As Cook wrote himself, there was a power plant at the end of the valley, and Witkowski showed it to him.<ref name=schelm/>}}
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| − | When Cook asked Witkowski what it was, Witkowski said "I am not sure. But whatever it is - whatever it was - I believe the Germans managed to complete it. In this light it is difficult to see, but some of the original green paint remains. You do not camouflage something that is half finished. It makes no sense." Later, he stated that he believes it to be a test-rig.<ref>Cook 2001, pp. 285-6</ref> Cook later stated that "I didn't buy Witkowsk's test-rig thesis, but then again I wasn't dismissing it either."<ref>Cook 2001, p. 293</ref>
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| − | Witkowski went on to show Cook that<ref name=cook286>Cook 2001, p. 286</ref><ref name=alienhistory/>"the ground within the structure has been excavated to a depth of a metre and lined with the same ceramic tiles that Sporrenberg describes in the chamber that contained the Bell."<ref name=cook286/> Schelm stated that "I had brought a small foldable spade with me and started digging at three or four places within the circumference of "The Henge". I didn't find anything, only bare earth, full of worms and bugs and weed roots."<ref name=schelm/>
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| − | Witkowski is not believed to have commented on the similar structure in Siechnice.
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| − | Schelm does comment on the paint on the structure in [[Ludwikowice]], stating "when I looked between the columns, I noticed on the south-eastern edge the remnants of what might have been a concrete rim, reaching around "The Henge" at a slightly larger diameter and about 3 meters outside the circle of columns. A portion of the rim of about 4 meters was left, the rest of the rim was either not accessible due to bushes or had been demolished long time ago. The concrete rim had been painted with the same turquoise paint that had been used for the whole structure."
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| − | In 2006 Joseph P. Farrell commented in his book, ''SS Brotherhood of the Bell'', "a very odd object that looks like a large concrete henge, self-evidently a test rig of some sort." Farrell goes on to state:
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| − | {{quote|Witkowski also provided this author with more information that was not available when his book was published. [[Rainer Karlsch]], a German historian who recently published a book in Germany on Hitler's nuclear program, also 'Mentioned in his book that a team of physisists from a German university (in [[Giessen]] has carried out a lot of research in Ludwikowice, namely in (the Henge). The result is such that there are isotopes in the construction (in the reinforcement), which can only be the result of irradiation by a strong beam of neutrons, thus that there must have been some kind of device accelerating ions, rather heavy ones. It could be calculated what was the intensity of the radiation in 1945 and generally it was very high.' "In other words, whatever had been tested at the Henge - and there is every indication that it was the Bell - it not only required a sturdy structure to keep it down but also it gave off strong, heavy, radiation."<ref>Farrell 2006, pp. 164-6, referencing ''Igor Witkowski, personal correspondence to the author, July 23, 2005.'' Witkowski wrote this quote in ''The Truth About The Wonderwaffe'', p. 235.</ref>}}
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| − | Farrell has not commented on the similarly identical structure in Siechnice exposed by Schelm, and Schelm has not commented on the alleged radiation findings that are contrary to his own findings.
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| − | ==In popular culture ==
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| − | ===Books===
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| − | *''[[Black Order (James Rollins)|Black Order]]'' by [[James Rollins]], 2005 - direct theme
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| − | *''[[Michael Slade#Special X series|Swastika]]'' by [[Michael Slade]], 2005 - direct theme
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| − | *''[[The Black Sun (James Twining)|Black Sun]]'' by [[James Twining]], 2006
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| − | ===Films===
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| − | *''[[Outpost (film)|Outpost]]'' by [[Steve Barker]], 2008 - direct theme
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| − | *''[[Iron Sky]]'' by [[Timo Vuorensola]], 2009
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| − | | |
| − | ==See also==
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| − | *[[Black Sun (occult symbol)]]
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| − | *[[Hans Kammler]]
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| − | *[[Kecksburg UFO incident]]
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| − | *[[Guido von List]]
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| − | *[[Nazi mysticism]]
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| − | *[[Nazi UFOs]]
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| − | *[[Jakob Sporrenberg]]
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| − | *[[Vienna Circle (esoteric)]]
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| − | *[[Wewelsburg]]
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| − | *[[Karl Maria Wiligut]]
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| − | | |
| − | ==Notes==
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| − | {{reflist}}
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| − | | |
| − | ==References==
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Cook | first = Nick | authorlink = Nick Cook | coauthors = | title = [[The Hunt for Zero Point|The Hunt for Zero Point: Inside the Classified World of Antigravity Technology]] | publisher = Century| year = 2001 | isbn = 9780099414988}}
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| − | *{{cite video |people=Cook, Nick (Narrator and Writer) |title=[[An Alien History of Planet Earth]] |year2=2006 |publisher=[[History Channel]]}}
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Farrell| first = Dr. Joseph P. | authorlink = Joseph P. Farrell | coauthors = | title = [[Reich of the Black Sun|Reich of the Black Sun: Nazi Secret Weapons and the Cold War Allied Legend]] | publisher = Adventures Unlimited Press| year = 2004 | url = | isbn = 1931882398}}
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Farrell| first = Dr. Joseph P. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = [[SS Brotherhood of the Bell|The SS Brotherhood of the Bell: The Nazi's Incredible Secret Technology]] | publisher = Adventures Unlimited Press| year = 2006 | url = | isbn = 1931882614}}
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| − | *{{cite interview |last=Farrell |first=Dr. Joseph P. |interviewer=[[Red Ice Creations radio]] |url=http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=CCwkhpslniU |date=April 15, 2007}}
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| − | *{{cite web |url=http://dir.salon.com/story/books/review/2002/08/05/zero_gravity/index.html |title="The Hunt for Zero Point" by Nick Cook |author=Kleiner, Kurt |authorlink=Kurt Kleiner |date=August 5, 2002 |publisher=Salon}}
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| − | *{{cite web |url=http://www.americanantigravity.com/documents/The-Henge.pdf |format=PDF|title="The Henge" at Ludwikowice, Poland - test rig for the NAZI-Bell? |author=Schelm, Gerold |authorlink = Gerold Schelm |month=November | year=2005 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070927210249/http://www.americanantigravity.com/documents/The-Henge.pdf |archivedate=September 27, 2007}}
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Stevens| first = Henry | authorlink = Henry Stevens | coauthors = | title = [[Hitler's Suppressed and Still-Secret Weapons, Science and Technology]] | publisher = Adventures Unlimited Press| year = 2007 | url = | isbn = 1931882738}}
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| − | | |
| − | ==Further reading==
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| − | In date order
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| − | ===Literature===
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Witkowski| first = Igor | authorlink = Igor Witkowski| coauthors = | language = [[Polish language|Polish]] | title = [[Prawda O Wunderwaffe]] | publisher = | date = ([[2000]]) {{Fact|date=December 2008}} | url = | isbn = }}
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Witkowski| first = Igor | authorlink = | title = [[The Truth about the Wunderwaffe]] | publisher = Books International Militaria| year = 2003 | url = | coauthors =[[Bruce Wenham]] (translator) | isbn = 8388259164}}
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Stevens| first = Henry | authorlink = | title = [[Hitler's Flying Saucers|Hitler's Flying Saucers: A Guide to German Flying Discs of the Second World War]] | publisher = Books International Militaria| year = 2003 | url = | isbn = }}
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Farrell| first = Dr. Joseph P. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = [[Secrets of the Unified Field|Secrets of the Unified Field: The Philadelphia Experiment, the Nazi Bell, and the Discarded Theory]] | publisher = Adventures Unlimited Press| year = 2008 | url = | isbn = 1931882843}}
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Marrs| first = Jim | authorlink = Jim Marrs| coauthors = | title = [[The Rise of the Fourth Reich]] | publisher = William Morrow & Company| year = 2008 | url = | isbn = 0061245585}}
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Farrell| first = Dr. Joseph P. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = [[The Philosopher's Stone|The Philosopher's Stone: Alchemy and the Secret Research for Exotic Matter]] | publisher = Feral House| month = April | year = 2009 | url = | isbn = 1932595406}}
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| − | *{{cite book | last = Farrell| first = Dr. Joseph P. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = [[Nazi International|Nazi International: The Nazis' Postwar Plan to Control Finance, Conflict, Physics and Space]] | publisher = Adventures Unlimited Press| date = 15 March 2009 | url = | isbn = 1931882932}}
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| − | ===Articles===
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| − | *{{cite web |url=http://www.americanantigravity.com/documents/The-New-Nazi-Bell.pdf |format=PDF|title=The New Nazi-Bell |author=Ventura, Tim |authorlink=Tim Ventura |date=November 14, 2005 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070225192811/http://www.americanantigravity.com/documents/The-New-Nazi-Bell.pdf |archivedate=February 25, 2007}}
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| − | *{{cite web |url=http://www.americanantigravity.com/documents/Joseph-Farrell-Interview.pdf |format=PDF|title=Secrets of the Nazi-Bell |author=Ventura, Tim |coauthors=Farrell, Joseph |date=March 20, 2007 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070927210451/http://www.americanantigravity.com/documents/Joseph-Farrell-Interview.pdf |archivedate=September 27, 2007}}
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| − | ===Documentaries===
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| − | *{{cite video |people=Cook, Nick (Narrator and Writer) |title=[[Billion Dollar Secret]] |year2=1999 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}
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| − | *{{cite episode |title=Area 51 |series=[[Unsolved History]] |credits=Cook, Nick (Researcher) |network=[[Discovery Channel]] |airdate=February 2005 |number=47}}
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| − | *{{cite video |title=[[Nazi UFO Conspiracy]] |date2=November 24, 2008 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}
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| − | | |
| − | ===Audio===
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| − | *{{cite interview |last=Levenda |first=Peter |subjectlink=Peter Levenda |last2=Farrell |first2=Dr. Joseph P. |subjectlink2= |interviewer=[[Whitley Streiber]] |url=http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=tir1HcwLjPk}}
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| − | *{{cite interview |last=Witkowski |first=Igor |subjectlink= |interviewer=Tim Ventura |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071012193918/http://www.americanantigravity.com/graphics/interviews/Igor-Witkowski.wma |date=February 1, 2005}}
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| − | *{{cite interview |last=Farrell |first=Dr. Joseph P. |interviewer=Whitley Streiber and Jim Marrs |url=http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=_2j-8CI9Hyw |date=September 9, 2006}}
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| − | *{{cite interview |last=Farrell |first=Dr. Joseph P. |interviewer=[[George Knapp]] |url=http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=toNd_5mh8c4 |program=[[Coast to Coast]] |date=September 16, 2007}}
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| − | *{{cite interview |last=Farrell |first=Dr. Joseph P. |interviewer=George Knapp |url=http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=BJNZLFKkUgI |program=Coast to Coast |date=April 3, 2008}}
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| − | *{{cite interview |last=Farrell |first=Dr. Joseph P. |interviewer=[[Richard C. Hoagland]] |url=http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=d7LbA8sjk0k |date=August 21, 2008}}
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | *[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps/mpl?moduleurl=http:%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmapfiles%2Fmapplets%2Fpanoramio%2Fpanoramio.xml&mapclient=google&gl=uk&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=50.628449,16.495757&spn=0.013911,0.027637&t=h&z=15&lci=lmc:panoramio,lmc:youtube,lmc:wikipedia_en Google Maps location of the Henge/Fly Trap/Wenceslas Mine]
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| − | {{Conspiracy theories}}
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| − | [[Category:Anti-gravity]]
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| − | [[Category:Conspiracy theories]]
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| − | [[Category:Fictional weapons]]
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| − | [[Category:Hoaxes]]
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| − | [[Category:Nazi mysticism]]
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| | + | * Experimente von [[Jewgeni Nikolajewitsch Podkletnow|Eugene Podkletnov (Евгений Подклетнов)]]. Dieser hatte 1995 behauptet, dass über einem schnell rotierenden ringförmigen Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter die Gravitationswirkung abnehme.<ref>Podkletnov EE: Weak gravitation shielding properties of composite bulk YBa_2Cu_3O_ {7-x} superconductor below 70 K under em field. In: Arxiv preprint cond-mat/9701074. 1997 (arXiv:cond-mat/9701074v3)</ref> Versuche, dieses Experiment zu replizieren, misslangen.<ref>N. Li, D. Noever, T. Robertson, R. Koczor, W. Brantley: ''Static test for a gravitational force coupled to type II YBCO superconductors.'' In: Physica C: ''Superconductivity and its applications.'' 281, Nr. 2-3, 1997, S. 260–267 (doi:10.1016/S0921-4534(97)01462-7)</ref><ref>C. Woods: ''Gravity Modification by High Temperature Superconductors.'' In: Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Salt Lake City, Utah, 8-11 July, 2001. 2001, S. AIAA 2001-3363 (Abstract)</ref><ref>G. Hathaway, B. Cleveland, Y. Bao: Gravity modification experiment using a rotating superconducting disk and radio frequency fields. In: Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications. 385, Nr. 4, 2003, 88–500 (doi:10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02284-0)</ref> Dennoch wurde mit venture-Risikokapital ein privates "California Institute for Physics and Astrophysics" in Palo Alto<ref>http://www.calphysics.org/</ref> gegründet, um den Effekt in eine gewinnbringende Technik zu verwandeln. Ein Mitstreiter Podkletnovs war der italienische Physiker Giovanni Modanese (geb. 1964). Podkletnov und Modanese behaupteten im Jahre 2001, einen anderen Effekt entdeckt zu haben. Und zwar sollte ein "Impulse Gravity Generator" hochfrequente Gravitationwellen durch Anwendung von Hochspannung bei Supraleitern erzeugen.<ref>http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0108005</ref> Der Österreicher [[Martin Tajmar]] gab ebenfalls an, mit rotierenden Supraleitern einen antigravitativen Effekt erzielt zu haben. Tajmar meldete ein internationales Patent auf ein "Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Gravitationsfeldes und Gravitationsgenerator" an.<ref>WO 2007/082324 A1: Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Gravitationsfeldes und Gravitationsfeldgenerator. Erfinder: Martin Tajmar, J. Clovis de Matos. Anmeldedatum: 08.01.2007</ref> |
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| | + | * Experimente von Quirino Majorana. Der Experimentalphysiker führte um 1920 mehrere Versuche durch und behauptete, ein positives Abschirmungsergebnis der Gravitation erbracht zu haben. Die Majorana-Experimente wurden später jedoch in Frage gestellt, da die Ergebnisse auch ohne eine Antigravitation erklärbar sind.<ref>Russell, H.N. (1921): On Majorana’s theory of gravitation. Astrophys. J. 54, 334-346</ref> Da der genaue Versuchsaufbau von Majorana nicht bekannt ist, wird über seine Experimente weiterhin spekuliert. |
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| | + | * Der Chemiker [[Dietrich Schuster]] glaubte nachgewiesen zu haben, dass ein Stapel aus elektrisch leitfähigen und nicht leitfähigen Platten unter bestimmten Bedingungen Schwankungen seines Gewichts zeigt, die vom Sonnenstand abhängen. Er nannte diesen Effekt "Aberration der Schwere". |
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| | + | * Zusammen mit dem Schweizer Theodor Auerbach hat der Astrophysiker und [[UFO]]-Gläubige [[Illobrand von Ludwiger]] eine Erfindung vorgestellt, die mit gegenläufig zueinander rotierenden Magnetfeldern "Anti-Schwerkraft-Effekte" bewirken sollte.<ref>DE 04324640 A1: Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Anti-Schwerkraft-Effekten. Erfinder: Theodor Auerbach, Illobrand von Ludwiger. Anmeldedatum: 22.07.1993. Verfahren eingestellt: 02.04.1997</ref> Mit dem vorgeschlagenen Versuchsaufbau lasse sich eine "Gewichtsverminderung um 23 Gramm gewinnen". Ob eine technische Realisierung versucht wurde, ist nicht bekannt. |
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| | + | ==Elektrogravitation== |
| | + | Mitunter werden in [[Pseudowissenschaft|pseudowissenschaft]]lichen Kreisen auch Anwendungen des Biefeld-Brown-Effekts ("[[Elektrogravitation]]") als Antigravitation bezeichnet. |
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| | + | ==Glocke / Nazi Bell== |
| | + | [[image:glocke.jpg|thumb|300px|"Glocke"]] |
| | + | Unter der Bezeichnung ''Glocke'' (bzw. ''Nazi Bell'') wurden nach 1945 Behauptungen und Vermutungen über angebliche geheime Versuche der deutschen SS während des 2. Weltkrieges zu einer Wunderwaffe verbreitet. Bei diesen Versuchen habe Antigravitation eine Rolle gespielt. Die Versuche sollen an einer Anlage namens ''Riese'' gemacht worden sein, in der Nähe einer Kohlenmine namens Wenceslas, nördlich des Ortes Ludwigsdorf/Ludwikowice Kłodzkie bei Breslau. Die dazugehörigen deutschen Codenamen sollen ''Projekt Kronos'' und ''Laternenträger'' gewesen sein. Die so genannte Glocke soll aus zwei gegensinnig rotierenden Zylindern bestanden und im Betrieb violettes Licht abgestrahlt haben. Anekdotische Berichte dazu finden sich nur bei dem polnischen Autor Igor Witkowski<ref>Igor Witkowski (2000): Prawda O Wunderwaffe ("Die Wahrheit über die Wunderwaffe")</ref> sowie dem britischen Journalisten Nick Cook. |
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| | + | ==Äußerungen von Rudolf Steiner== |
| | + | Einige [[Anthroposophie|Anthroposophen]] wie der Chemiker Ehrenfried Pfeiffer (1899-1961) bringen Äußerungen [[Rudolf Steiner]]s mit Antigravitation in Zusammenhang, z.B. aus dem Jahr 1920 zu einer schnell drehenden Zentrifuge für Mistelsaft, sowie Steiners (physikalisch falsche) Vorstellungen zur Gravitation von Himmelskörpern. Dem Baseler Anthroposophen Christoph Podak zufolge, der sich auf Pfeiffer beruft, sei Eduard Krausz mit seinem Experiment "der Nachweis einer einsetzenden [[Leichtekraft]]" gelungen.<ref>Christoph Podak, Ehrenfried Pfeiffer: Wie die Schwerkraft aufgehoben werden kann. Der Europäer 8, Nr. 2/3 Dezember/Januar 2003/2004, 32-35 und Nr. 5 März 2004, 19-21</ref> |
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| − | | + | ==Weblinks== |
| − | | + | *[http://www.br.de/fernsehen/br-alpha/sendungen/alpha-centauri/alpha-centauri-antigravitation-2003_x100.html Gibt es Antigravitation?] aus der Fernseh-Sendereihe ''alpha-Centauri'' (ca. 15 Minuten). Erstmalig ausgestrahlt am 8. Juni 2003. |
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| − | ==Elektrogravitation== | |
| − | Mitunter wird in [[Pseudowissenschaft|pseudowissenschaftlichen]] Kreisen auch der Biefeld-Brown-Effekt als eine erfolgreich realisierte Antigravitation bezeichnet.
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| | ==Quellennachweise== | | ==Quellennachweise== |
| | <references/> | | <references/> |
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| | + | [[category:Abkürzung/Begriffserklärung]] |
| | + | [[category:Pseudowissenschaft]] |
| | + | [[category:Antigravitation]] |